This document is free text: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or any later version.
This document is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program. If not, see
We will explore the softare packages normally present in Ubuntu server editions (namely Ubuntu 24.04 Server LTS).
Debian and Ubuntu has some differences in classifications, so there are 2 separate tutorials for them.
Debian (and therefore Ubuntu) has around 60.000 software packages (a huge number).
These packages can be classified in a lot of ways. But for this tutorial we are going to use the priority values for the classification.
The priority values range from "required" to "extra", and they are defined as follows:
required: Essential packages that are necessary for the proper functioning of the system, such as the kernel, basic system utilities, and essential libraries.
important: Important packages that are not strictly necessary for basic system operation but are still considered essential for most users. These may include important system administration tools or libraries.
standard: Packages that provide a reasonably small but not essential subset of the Debian system. These packages are typically included in most installations.
optional: Additional packages that are not necessary for the basic system operation but provide additional functionality or applications that many users may find useful.
extra: Packages that are not officially part of the Ubuntu distribution but are available in the Debian repositories. These packages may include experimental or third-party software.
I have added 1 more category: necessary.
necessary: These packages are depended by required, important, and standard packages, but don't exist in one of those groups.
We are going to explore required, important, standard, and necessary software packages.
I prefer using the following template for my documentation
Debian's (and/or Ubuntu's) description of the package as in the package file.
The package is depended on these packages, that it, it requires them to install and work.
Configuration files supplied with the package, generally under /etc/ folder.
Executable files supplied with the package, generally under /bin, /sbin, /usr/bin, /usr/sbin folders.
This tutorial is generated semi-automatically by using apt-cache, apt-file, and aptitude commands. And with a little help from ChatGPT.
List Required packages:
aptitude search '?priority(required)'
You may need to install the aptitude package:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install aptitude --yes
List Important packages:
aptitude search '?priority(important)'
List Standard packages:
aptitude search '?priority(standard)'
List details of a package (description, depended packages, etc):
apt-cache show base-files --no-all-versions
List files contained by a package
apt-file list base-files
You may need to install the apt-file package:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install apt-file --yes
You also need to update apt-file cache
sudo apt-file update
These are the (very) essential packages. You may expect them in every Ubuntu installation.
At my last check, the following packages are marked as required:
apt-utils: package management related utility programs
base-files: Debian base system miscellaneous files
base-passwd: Debian base system master password and group files
bash: GNU Bourne Again SHell
bsdutils: basic utilities from 4.4BSD-Lite
coreutils: GNU core utilities
dash: POSIX-compliant shell
debconf: Debian configuration management system
debianutils: Miscellaneous utilities specific to Debian
diffutils: File comparison utilities
dpkg: Debian package management system
e2fsprogs: ext2/ext3/ext4 file system utilities
findutils: utilities for finding files--find, xargs
gcc-14-base: GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection (base package)
grep: GNU grep, egrep and fgrep
gzip: GNU compression utilities
hostname: utility to set/show the host name or domain name
init-system-helpers: helper tools for all init systems
libacl1: access control list - shared library
libattr1: extended attribute handling - shared library
libaudit-common: Dynamic library for security auditing - common files
libaudit1: Dynamic library for security auditing
libblkid1: block device ID library
libbz2-1.0: high-quality block-sorting file compressor library - runtime
libc-bin: GNU C Library: Binaries
libc6: GNU C Library: Shared libraries
libcap-ng0: alternate POSIX capabilities library
libcap2: POSIX 1003.1e capabilities (library)
libcom-err2: common error description library
libcrypt1: libcrypt shared library
libdb5.3: Berkeley v5.3 Database Libraries [runtime]
libdebconfclient0: Debian Configuration Management System (C-implementation library)
libext2fs2: ext2/ext3/ext4 file system libraries
libext2fs2t64: ext2/ext3/ext4 file system libraries
libgcc-s1: GCC support library
libgcrypt20: LGPL Crypto library - runtime library
libgmp10: Multiprecision arithmetic library
libgpg-error0: GnuPG development runtime library
liblz4-1: Fast LZ compression algorithm library - runtime
liblzma5: XZ-format compression library
libmd0: message digest functions from BSD systems - shared library
libmount1: device mounting library
libncursesw6: shared libraries for terminal handling (wide character support)
libpam-modules: Pluggable Authentication Modules for PAM
libpam-modules-bin: Pluggable Authentication Modules for PAM - helper binaries
libpam-runtime: Runtime support for the PAM library
libpam0g: Pluggable Authentication Modules library
libpcre2-8-0: New Perl Compatible Regular Expression Library- 8 bit runtime files
libproc2-0: library for accessing process information from /proc
libselinux1: SELinux runtime shared libraries
libsemanage-common: Common files for SELinux policy management libraries
libsemanage2: SELinux policy management library
libsepol2: SELinux library for manipulating binary security policies
libsmartcols1: smart column output alignment library
libss2: command-line interface parsing library
libssl3: Secure Sockets Layer toolkit - shared libraries
libssl3t64: Secure Sockets Layer toolkit - shared libraries
libsystemd0: systemd utility library
libtinfo6: shared low-level terminfo library for terminal handling
libudev1: libudev shared library
libuuid1: Universally Unique ID library
libzstd1: fast lossless compression algorithm
login: system login tools
logsave: save the output of a command in a log file
mawk: Pattern scanning and text processing language
mount: tools for mounting and manipulating filesystems
ncurses-base: basic terminal type definitions
ncurses-bin: terminal-related programs and man pages
passwd: change and administer password and group data
perl-base: minimal Perl system
procps: /proc file system utilities
sed: GNU stream editor for filtering/transforming text
sensible-utils: Utilities for sensible alternative selection
sysvinit-utils: System-V-like utilities
tar: GNU version of the tar archiving utility
util-linux: miscellaneous system utilities
zlib1g: compression library - runtime
package management related utility programs
This package contains some less used commandline utilities related
to package management with APT.
.
apt-extracttemplates is used by debconf to prompt for configuration
questions before installation.
apt-ftparchive is used to create Packages and other index files
needed to publish an archive of Debian packages
apt-sortpkgs is a Packages/Sources file normalizer.
apt
libapt-pkg6.0t64
libc6
libdb5.3t64
libgcc-s1
libstdc++6
(None)
/usr/bin/apt-extracttemplates
/usr/bin/apt-ftparchive
/usr/bin/apt-sortpkgs
Debian base system miscellaneous files
This package contains the basic filesystem hierarchy of a Debian system, and
several important miscellaneous files, such as /etc/debian_version,
/etc/host.conf, /etc/issue, /etc/motd, /etc/profile, and others,
and the text of several common licenses in use on Debian systems.
awk
libc6
libcrypt1
/etc/debian_version
/etc/dpkg/origins/debian
/etc/dpkg/origins/ubuntu
/etc/host.conf
/etc/issue
/etc/issue.net
/etc/legal
/etc/lsb-release
/etc/os-release
/etc/profile.d/01-locale-fix.sh
/etc/update-motd.d/00-header
/etc/update-motd.d/10-help-text
/etc/update-motd.d/50-motd-news
/bin
/sbin
/usr/bin/locale-check
Debian base system master password and group files
These are the canonical master copies of the user database files
(/etc/passwd and /etc/group), containing the Debian-allocated user and
group IDs. The update-passwd tool is provided to keep the system databases
synchronized with these master files.
libc6
libdebconfclient0
libselinux1
(None)
/usr/sbin/update-passwd
GNU Bourne Again SHell
Bash is an sh-compatible command language interpreter that executes
commands read from the standard input or from a file. Bash also
incorporates useful features from the Korn and C shells (ksh and csh).
.
Bash is ultimately intended to be a conformant implementation of the
IEEE POSIX Shell and Tools specification (IEEE Working Group 1003.2).
.
The Programmable Completion Code, by Ian Macdonald, is now found in
the bash-completion package.
base-files
debianutils
libc6
libtinfo6
/etc/bash.bashrc
/etc/skel/.bash_logout
/etc/skel/.bashrc
/etc/skel/.profile
/usr/bin/bash
/usr/bin/bashbug
/usr/bin/clear_console
/usr/bin/rbash
basic utilities from 4.4BSD-Lite
This package contains the bare minimum of BSD utilities needed for a Debian
system: logger, renice, script, scriptlive, scriptreplay and wall. The
remaining standard BSD utilities are provided by bsdextrautils.
libc6
libsystemd0
(None)
/usr/bin/logger
/usr/bin/renice
/usr/bin/script
/usr/bin/scriptlive
/usr/bin/scriptreplay
/usr/bin/wall
GNU core utilities
This package contains the basic file, shell and text manipulation
utilities which are expected to exist on every operating system.
.
Specifically, this package includes:
arch base64 basename cat chcon chgrp chmod chown chroot cksum comm cp
csplit cut date dd df dir dircolors dirname du echo env expand expr
factor false flock fmt fold groups head hostid id install join link ln
logname ls md5sum mkdir mkfifo mknod mktemp mv nice nl nohup nproc numfmt
od paste pathchk pinky pr printenv printf ptx pwd readlink realpath rm
rmdir runcon sha*sum seq shred sleep sort split stat stty sum sync tac
tail tee test timeout touch tr true truncate tsort tty uname unexpand
uniq unlink users vdir wc who whoami yes
libacl1
libattr1
libc6
libgmp10
libselinux1
libssl3t64
(None)
/usr/bin/[
/usr/bin/arch
/usr/bin/b2sum
/usr/bin/base32
/usr/bin/base64
/usr/bin/basename
/usr/bin/basenc
/usr/bin/cat
/usr/bin/chcon
/usr/bin/chgrp
/usr/bin/chmod
/usr/bin/chown
/usr/bin/cksum
/usr/bin/comm
/usr/bin/cp
/usr/bin/csplit
/usr/bin/cut
/usr/bin/date
/usr/bin/dd
/usr/bin/df
/usr/bin/dir
/usr/bin/dircolors
/usr/bin/dirname
/usr/bin/du
/usr/bin/echo
/usr/bin/env
/usr/bin/expand
/usr/bin/expr
/usr/bin/factor
/usr/bin/false
/usr/bin/fmt
/usr/bin/fold
/usr/bin/groups
/usr/bin/head
/usr/bin/hostid
/usr/bin/id
/usr/bin/install
/usr/bin/join
/usr/bin/link
/usr/bin/ln
/usr/bin/logname
/usr/bin/ls
/usr/bin/md5sum
/usr/bin/md5sum.textutils
/usr/bin/mkdir
/usr/bin/mkfifo
/usr/bin/mknod
/usr/bin/mktemp
/usr/bin/mv
/usr/bin/nice
/usr/bin/nl
/usr/bin/nohup
/usr/bin/nproc
/usr/bin/numfmt
/usr/bin/od
/usr/bin/paste
/usr/bin/pathchk
/usr/bin/pinky
/usr/bin/pr
/usr/bin/printenv
/usr/bin/printf
/usr/bin/ptx
/usr/bin/pwd
/usr/bin/readlink
/usr/bin/realpath
/usr/bin/rm
/usr/bin/rmdir
/usr/bin/runcon
/usr/bin/seq
/usr/bin/sha1sum
/usr/bin/sha224sum
/usr/bin/sha256sum
/usr/bin/sha384sum
/usr/bin/sha512sum
/usr/bin/shred
/usr/bin/shuf
/usr/bin/sleep
/usr/bin/sort
/usr/bin/split
/usr/bin/stat
/usr/bin/stdbuf
/usr/bin/stty
/usr/bin/sum
/usr/bin/sync
/usr/bin/tac
/usr/bin/tail
/usr/bin/tee
/usr/bin/test
/usr/bin/timeout
/usr/bin/touch
/usr/bin/tr
/usr/bin/true
/usr/bin/truncate
/usr/bin/tsort
/usr/bin/tty
/usr/bin/uname
/usr/bin/unexpand
/usr/bin/uniq
/usr/bin/unlink
/usr/bin/users
/usr/bin/vdir
/usr/bin/wc
/usr/bin/who
/usr/bin/whoami
/usr/bin/yes
/usr/sbin/chroot
POSIX-compliant shell
The Debian Almquist Shell (dash) is a POSIX-compliant shell derived
from ash.
.
Since it executes scripts faster than bash, and has fewer library
dependencies (making it more robust against software or hardware
failures), it is used as the default system shell on Debian systems.
debianutils
dpkg
libc6
(None)
/usr/bin/dash
/usr/bin/sh
Debian configuration management system
Debconf is a configuration management system for debian packages. Packages
use Debconf to ask questions when they are installed.
(None)
/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/70debconf
/etc/debconf.conf
/usr/bin/debconf
/usr/bin/debconf-apt-progress
/usr/bin/debconf-communicate
/usr/bin/debconf-copydb
/usr/bin/debconf-escape
/usr/bin/debconf-set-selections
/usr/bin/debconf-show
/usr/sbin/dpkg-preconfigure
/usr/sbin/dpkg-reconfigure
Miscellaneous utilities specific to Debian
This package provides a number of small utilities which are used
primarily by the installation scripts of Debian packages, although
you may use them directly.
.
The specific utilities included are:
add-shell installkernel ischroot remove-shell run-parts savelog
update-shells which
libc6
(None)
/usr/bin/ischroot
/usr/bin/run-parts
/usr/bin/savelog
/usr/bin/tempfile
/usr/bin/which.debianutils
/usr/sbin/add-shell
/usr/sbin/installkernel
/usr/sbin/remove-shell
/usr/sbin/update-shells
File comparison utilities
The diffutils package provides the diff, diff3, sdiff, and cmp programs.
.
diff shows differences between two files, or each corresponding file
in two directories. cmp shows the offsets and line numbers where
two files differ. cmp can also show all the characters that
differ between the two files, side by side. diff3 shows differences
among three files. sdiff merges two files interactively.
.
The set of differences produced by diff can be used to distribute
updates to text files (such as program source code) to other people.
This method is especially useful when the differences are small compared
to the complete files. Given diff output, the patch program can
update, or "patch", a copy of the file.
libc6
(None)
/usr/bin/cmp
/usr/bin/diff
/usr/bin/diff3
/usr/bin/sdiff
Debian package management system
This package provides the low-level infrastructure for handling the
installation and removal of Debian software packages.
.
For Debian package development tools, install dpkg-dev.
libbz2-1.0
libc6
liblzma5
libmd0
libselinux1
libzstd1
tar
zlib1g
/etc/alternatives/README
/etc/cron.daily/dpkg
/etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg
/etc/logrotate.d/alternatives
/etc/logrotate.d/dpkg
/usr/bin/dpkg
/usr/bin/dpkg-deb
/usr/bin/dpkg-divert
/usr/bin/dpkg-maintscript-helper
/usr/bin/dpkg-query
/usr/bin/dpkg-realpath
/usr/bin/dpkg-split
/usr/bin/dpkg-statoverride
/usr/bin/dpkg-trigger
/usr/bin/update-alternatives
/usr/sbin/start-stop-daemon
ext2/ext3/ext4 file system utilities
The ext2, ext3 and ext4 file systems are successors of the original ext
("extended") file system. They are the main file system types used for
hard disks on Debian and other Linux systems.
.
This package contains programs for creating, checking, and maintaining
ext2/3/4-based file systems. It also includes the "badblocks" program,
which can be used to scan for bad blocks on a disk or other storage device.
libblkid1
libc6
libcom-err2
libext2fs2t64
libss2
libuuid1
logsave
/etc/cron.d/e2scrub_all
/etc/e2scrub.conf
/etc/mke2fs.conf
/usr/bin/chattr
/usr/bin/lsattr
/usr/sbin/badblocks
/usr/sbin/debugfs
/usr/sbin/dumpe2fs
/usr/sbin/e2freefrag
/usr/sbin/e2fsck
/usr/sbin/e2image
/usr/sbin/e2label
/usr/sbin/e2mmpstatus
/usr/sbin/e2scrub
/usr/sbin/e2scrub_all
/usr/sbin/e2undo
/usr/sbin/e4crypt
/usr/sbin/e4defrag
/usr/sbin/filefrag
/usr/sbin/fsck.ext2
/usr/sbin/fsck.ext3
/usr/sbin/fsck.ext4
/usr/sbin/mke2fs
/usr/sbin/mkfs.ext2
/usr/sbin/mkfs.ext3
/usr/sbin/mkfs.ext4
/usr/sbin/mklost+found
/usr/sbin/resize2fs
/usr/sbin/tune2fs
utilities for finding files--find, xargs
GNU findutils provides utilities to find files meeting specified
criteria and perform various actions on the files which are found.
This package contains 'find' and 'xargs'; however, 'locate' has
been split off into a separate package.
libc6
libselinux1
(None)
/usr/bin/find
/usr/bin/xargs
GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection (base package)
This package contains files common to all languages and libraries
contained in the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC).
(None)
(None)
(None)
GNU grep, egrep and fgrep
grep is a utility to search for text in files; it can be used from the
command line or in scripts. Even if you dont want to use it, other packages
on your system probably will.
.
The GNU family of grep utilities may be the "fastest grep in the west".
GNU grep is based on a fast lazy-state deterministic matcher (about
twice as fast as stock Unix egrep) hybridized with a Boyer-Moore-Gosper
search for a fixed string that eliminates impossible text from being
considered by the full regexp matcher without necessarily having to
look at every character. The result is typically many times faster
than Unix grep or egrep. (Regular expressions containing backreferencing
will run more slowly, however.)
libc6
libpcre2-8-0
(None)
/usr/bin/egrep
/usr/bin/fgrep
/usr/bin/grep
/usr/bin/rgrep
GNU compression utilities
This package provides the standard GNU file compression utilities, which
are also the default compression tools for Debian. They typically operate
on files with names ending in '.gz', but can also decompress files ending
in '.Z' created with 'compress'.
dpkg
libc6
(None)
/usr/bin/gunzip
/usr/bin/gzexe
/usr/bin/gzip
/usr/bin/uncompress
/usr/bin/zcat
/usr/bin/zcmp
/usr/bin/zdiff
/usr/bin/zegrep
/usr/bin/zfgrep
/usr/bin/zforce
/usr/bin/zgrep
/usr/bin/zless
/usr/bin/zmore
/usr/bin/znew
utility to set/show the host name or domain name
This package provides commands which can be used to display the system's
DNS name, and to display or set its hostname or NIS domain name.
libc6
(None)
/usr/bin/dnsdomainname
/usr/bin/domainname
/usr/bin/hostname
/usr/bin/nisdomainname
/usr/bin/ypdomainname
helper tools for all init systems
This package contains helper tools that are necessary for switching between
the various init systems that Debian contains (e. g. sysvinit or
systemd). An example is deb-systemd-helper, a script that enables systemd unit
files without depending on a running systemd.
.
It also includes the "service", "invoke-rc.d", and "update-rc.d" scripts which
provide an abstraction for enabling, disabling, starting, and stopping
services for all supported Debian init systems as specified by the policy.
.
While this package is maintained by pkg-systemd-maintainers, it is NOT
specific to systemd at all. Maintainers of other init systems are welcome to
include their helpers in this package.
(None)
(None)
/usr/bin/deb-systemd-helper
/usr/bin/deb-systemd-invoke
/usr/sbin/invoke-rc.d
/usr/sbin/service
/usr/sbin/update-rc.d
access control list - shared library
This package contains the shared library containing the POSIX 1003.1e
draft standard 17 functions for manipulating access control lists.
libc6
(None)
(None)
extended attribute handling - shared library
Contains the runtime environment required by programs that make use
of extended attributes.
libc6
/etc/xattr.conf
(None)
Dynamic library for security auditing - common files
The audit-libs package contains the dynamic libraries needed for
applications to use the audit framework. It is used to monitor systems for
security related events.
.
This package contains the libaudit.conf configuration file and the associated
manpage.
(None)
/etc/libaudit.conf
(None)
Dynamic library for security auditing
The audit-libs package contains the dynamic libraries needed for
applications to use the audit framework. It is used to monitor systems for
security related events.
libaudit-common
libc6
libcap-ng0
(None)
(None)
block device ID library
The blkid library allows system programs such as fsck and mount to
quickly and easily find block devices by filesystem UUID or label.
This allows system administrators to avoid specifying filesystems by
hard-coded device names and use a logical naming system instead.
libc6
(None)
(None)
high-quality block-sorting file compressor library - runtime
This package contains libbzip2 which is used by the bzip2 compressor.
.
bzip2 is a freely available, patent free, data compressor.
.
bzip2 compresses files using the Burrows-Wheeler block-sorting text
compression algorithm, and Huffman coding. Compression is generally
considerably better than that achieved by more conventional
LZ77/LZ78-based compressors, and approaches the performance of the PPM
family of statistical compressors.
.
The archive file format of bzip2 (.bz2) is incompatible with that of its
predecessor, bzip (.bz).
libc6
(None)
(None)
GNU C Library: Binaries
This package contains utility programs related to the GNU C Library.
.
getconf: query system configuration variables
getent: get entries from administrative databases
iconv, iconvconfig: convert between character encodings
ldd, ldconfig: print/configure shared library dependencies
locale, localedef: show/generate locale definitions
tzselect, zdump, zic: select/dump/compile time zones
libc6
/etc/bindresvport.blacklist
/etc/gai.conf
/etc/ld.so.conf
/etc/ld.so.conf.d/libc.conf
/usr/bin/getconf
/usr/bin/getent
/usr/bin/iconv
/usr/bin/ld.so
/usr/bin/ldd
/usr/bin/locale
/usr/bin/localedef
/usr/bin/pldd
/usr/bin/tzselect
/usr/bin/zdump
/usr/sbin/iconvconfig
/usr/sbin/ldconfig
/usr/sbin/ldconfig.real
/usr/sbin/zic
GNU C Library: Shared libraries
Contains the standard libraries that are used by nearly all programs on
the system. This package includes shared versions of the standard C library
and the standard math library, as well as many others.
libgcc-s1
/etc/ld.so.conf.d/x86_64-linux-gnu.conf
(None)
alternate POSIX capabilities library
This library implements the user-space interfaces to the POSIX
1003.1e capabilities available in Linux kernels. These capabilities are
a partitioning of the all powerful root privilege into a set of distinct
privileges.
.
The libcap-ng library is intended to make programming with POSIX
capabilities much easier than the traditional libcap library.
.
This package contains dynamic libraries for libcap-ng.
libc6
(None)
(None)
POSIX 1003.1e capabilities (library)
Libcap implements the user-space interfaces to the POSIX 1003.1e capabilities
available in Linux kernels. These capabilities are a partitioning of the all
powerful root privilege into a set of distinct privileges.
.
This package contains the shared library.
libc6
(None)
(None)
common error description library
libcomerr is an attempt to present a common error-handling mechanism to
manipulate the most common form of error code in a fashion that does not
have the problems identified with mechanisms commonly in use.
libc6
(None)
(None)
libcrypt shared library
libxcrypt is a modern library for one-way hashing of passwords.
It supports DES, MD5, NTHASH, SUNMD5, SHA-2-256, SHA-2-512, and
bcrypt-based password hashes
It provides the traditional Unix 'crypt' and 'crypt_r' interfaces,
as well as a set of extended interfaces like 'crypt_gensalt'.
libc6
(None)
(None)
Berkeley v5.3 Database Libraries [runtime]
This is the runtime package for programs that use the v5.3 Berkeley
database library.
libc6
(None)
(None)
Debian Configuration Management System (C-implementation library)
Debconf is a configuration management system for Debian packages. It is
used by some packages to prompt you for information before they are
installed. cdebconf is a reimplementation of the original debconf in C.
.
This library allows C programs to interface with cdebconf.
libc6
(None)
(None)
libc6
(None)
(None)
ext2/ext3/ext4 file system libraries
The ext2, ext3 and ext4 file systems are successors of the original ext
("extended") file system. They are the main file system types used for
hard disks on Debian and other Linux systems.
.
This package provides the ext2fs and e2p libraries, for userspace software
that directly accesses extended file systems. Programs that use libext2fs
include e2fsck, mke2fs, and tune2fs. Programs that use libe2p include
dumpe2fs, chattr, and lsattr.
libc6
(None)
(None)
GCC support library
Shared version of the support library, a library of internal subroutines
that GCC uses to overcome shortcomings of particular machines, or
special needs for some languages.
gcc-14-base
libc6
(None)
(None)
LGPL Crypto library - runtime library
libgcrypt contains cryptographic functions. Many important free
ciphers, hash algorithms and public key signing algorithms have been
implemented:
.
Arcfour, Blowfish, CAST5, DES, AES, Twofish, Serpent, rfc2268 (rc2), SEED,
Poly1305, Camellia, ChaCha20, IDEA, Salsa, SM4, Blake-2, CRC, MD2, MD4, MD5,
RIPE-MD160, SM3, SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-512, SHA3-224, SHA3-256, SHA3-384,
SHA3-512, SHAKE128, SHAKE256, Tiger, Whirlpool, DSA, DSA2, ElGamal, RSA, ECC
(Curve25519, sec256k1, GOST R 34.10-2001 and GOST R 34.10-2012, etc.)
libc6
libgpg-error0
(None)
(None)
Multiprecision arithmetic library
GNU MP is a programmer's library for arbitrary precision
arithmetic (ie, a bignum package). It can operate on signed
integer, rational, and floating point numeric types.
.
It has a rich set of functions, and the functions have a regular
interface.
libc6
(None)
(None)
GnuPG development runtime library
Library that defines common error values, messages, and common
runtime functionality for all GnuPG components. Among these are GPG,
GPGSM, GPGME, GPG-Agent, libgcrypt, pinentry, SmartCard Daemon and
possibly more in the future.
.
It will likely be renamed "gpgrt" in the future.
libc6
(None)
(None)
Fast LZ compression algorithm library - runtime
LZ4 is a very fast lossless compression algorithm, providing compression speed
at 400 MB/s per core, scalable with multi-cores CPU. It also features an
extremely fast decoder, with speed in multiple GB/s per core, typically
reaching RAM speed limits on multi-core systems.
.
This package includes the shared library.
libc6
(None)
(None)
XZ-format compression library
XZ is the successor to the Lempel-Ziv/Markov-chain Algorithm
compression format, which provides memory-hungry but powerful
compression (often better than bzip2) and fast, easy decompression.
.
The native format of liblzma is XZ; it also supports raw (headerless)
streams and the older LZMA format used by lzma. (For 7-Zip's related
format, use the p7zip package instead.)
libc6
(None)
(None)
message digest functions from BSD systems - shared library
The libmd library provides various message digest ("hash") functions,
as found on various BSDs on a library with the same name and with a
compatible API.
libc6
(None)
(None)
device mounting library
This device mounting library is used by mount and umount helpers.
libblkid1
libc6
libselinux1
(None)
(None)
shared libraries for terminal handling (wide character support)
The ncurses library routines are a terminal-independent method of
updating character screens with reasonable optimization.
.
This package contains the shared libraries necessary to run programs
compiled with ncursesw, which includes support for wide characters.
libc6
libtinfo6
(None)
(None)
Pluggable Authentication Modules for PAM
This package completes the set of modules for PAM. It includes the
pam_unix.so module as well as some specialty modules.
debconf
libaudit1
libc6
libcrypt1
libpam-modules-bin
libpam0g
libselinux1
libsystemd0
/etc/security/access.conf
/etc/security/faillock.conf
/etc/security/group.conf
/etc/security/limits.conf
/etc/security/namespace.conf
/etc/security/namespace.init
/etc/security/pam_env.conf
/etc/security/pwhistory.conf
/etc/security/sepermit.conf
/etc/security/time.conf
(None)
Pluggable Authentication Modules for PAM - helper binaries
This package contains helper binaries used by the standard set of PAM
modules in the libpam-modules package.
libaudit1
libc6
libcrypt1
libpam0g
libselinux1
libsystemd0
(None)
/usr/sbin/faillock
/usr/sbin/mkhomedir_helper
/usr/sbin/pam_extrausers_chkpwd
/usr/sbin/pam_extrausers_update
/usr/sbin/pam_namespace_helper
/usr/sbin/pam_timestamp_check
/usr/sbin/pwhistory_helper
/usr/sbin/unix_chkpwd
/usr/sbin/unix_update
Runtime support for the PAM library
Contains configuration files and directories required for
authentication to work on Debian systems. This package is required
on almost all installations.
debconf
libpam-modules
/etc/pam.conf
/etc/pam.d/other
/usr/sbin/pam-auth-update
/usr/sbin/pam_getenv
Pluggable Authentication Modules library
Contains the shared library for Linux-PAM, a library that enables the
local system administrator to choose how applications authenticate users.
In other words, without rewriting or recompiling a PAM-aware application,
it is possible to switch between the authentication mechanism(s) it uses.
One may entirely upgrade the local authentication system without touching
the applications themselves.
debconf
libaudit1
libc6
(None)
(None)
New Perl Compatible Regular Expression Library- 8 bit runtime files
This is PCRE2, the new implementation of PCRE, a library of functions
to support regular expressions whose syntax and semantics are as
close as possible to those of the Perl 5 language. New projects
should use this library in preference to the older library,
confusingly called pcre3 in Debian.
.
This package contains the 8 bit runtime library, which operates on
ASCII and UTF-8 input.
libc6
(None)
(None)
library for accessing process information from /proc
The libproc2 library is a way of accessing information out of the /proc
filesystem.
.
This package contains the shared libraries necessary to run programs
compiled with libproc2.
libc6
libsystemd0
(None)
(None)
SELinux runtime shared libraries
This package provides the shared libraries for Security-enhanced
Linux that provides interfaces (e.g. library functions for the
SELinux kernel APIs like getcon(), other support functions like
getseuserbyname()) to SELinux-aware applications. Security-enhanced
Linux is a patch of the Linux kernel and a number of utilities with
enhanced security functionality designed to add mandatory access
controls to Linux. The Security-enhanced Linux kernel contains new
architectural components originally developed to improve the security
of the Flask operating system. These architectural components provide
general support for the enforcement of many kinds of mandatory access
control policies, including those based on the concepts of Type
Enforcement, Role-based Access Control, and Multi-level Security.
.
libselinux1 provides an API for SELinux applications to get and set
process and file security contexts and to obtain security policy
decisions. Required for any applications that use the SELinux
API. libselinux may use the shared libsepol to manipulate the binary
policy if necessary (e.g. to downgrade the policy format to an older
version supported by the kernel) when loading policy.
libc6
libpcre2-8-0
(None)
(None)
Common files for SELinux policy management libraries
This package provides the common files used by the shared libraries
for SELinux policy management.
.
Security-enhanced Linux is a patch of the Linux kernel and a
number of utilities with enhanced security functionality designed to
add mandatory access controls to Linux. The Security-enhanced Linux
kernel contains new architectural components originally developed to
improve the security of the Flask operating system. These
architectural components provide general support for the enforcement
of many kinds of mandatory access control policies, including those
based on the concepts of Type Enforcement, Role-based Access
Control, and Multi-level Security.
(None)
/etc/selinux/semanage.conf
(None)
SELinux policy management library
This package provides the shared libraries for SELinux policy management.
It uses libsepol for binary policy manipulation and libselinux for
interacting with the SELinux system. It also exec's helper programs
for loading policy and for checking whether the file_contexts
configuration is valid (load_policy and setfiles from
policycoreutils) presently, although this may change at least for the
bootstrapping case
.
Security-enhanced Linux is a patch of the Linux kernel and a
number of utilities with enhanced security functionality designed to
add mandatory access controls to Linux. The Security-enhanced Linux
kernel contains new architectural components originally developed to
improve the security of the Flask operating system. These
architectural components provide general support for the enforcement
of many kinds of mandatory access control policies, including those
based on the concepts of Type Enforcement, Role-based Access
Control, and Multi-level Security.
libaudit1
libbz2-1.0
libc6
libselinux1
libsemanage-common
libsepol2
(None)
(None)
SELinux library for manipulating binary security policies
Security-enhanced Linux is a patch of the Linux kernel and a number
of utilities with enhanced security functionality designed to add
mandatory access controls to Linux. The Security-enhanced Linux
kernel contains new architectural components originally developed to
improve the security of the Flask operating system. These
architectural components provide general support for the enforcement
of many kinds of mandatory access control policies, including those
based on the concepts of Type Enforcement\xc2\xae, Role-based Access
Control, and Multi-level Security.
.
libsepol provides an API for the manipulation of SELinux binary policies.
It is used by checkpolicy (the policy compiler) and similar tools, as well
as by programs like load_policy that need to perform specific transformations
on binary policies such as customizing policy boolean settings.
libc6
(None)
(None)
smart column output alignment library
This smart column output alignment library is used by fdisk utilities.
libc6
(None)
(None)
command-line interface parsing library
libss provides a simple command-line interface parser which will
accept input from the user, parse the command into an argv argument
vector, and then dispatch it to a handler function.
.
It was originally inspired by the Multics SubSystem library.
libc6
libcom-err2
(None)
(None)
Secure Sockets Layer toolkit - shared libraries
This package is part of the OpenSSL project's implementation of the SSL
and TLS cryptographic protocols for secure communication over the
Internet.
libc6
(None)
(None)
Secure Sockets Layer toolkit - shared libraries
This package is part of the OpenSSL project's implementation of the SSL
and TLS cryptographic protocols for secure communication over the
Internet.
.
It provides the libssl and libcrypto shared libraries.
libc6
(None)
(None)
systemd utility library
This library provides APIs to interface with various system components such as
the system journal, the system service manager, D-Bus and more.
libc6
libcap2
libgcrypt20
liblz4-1
liblzma5
libzstd1
(None)
(None)
shared low-level terminfo library for terminal handling
The ncurses library routines are a terminal-independent method of
updating character screens with reasonable optimization.
.
This package contains the shared low-level terminfo library.
libc6
(None)
(None)
libudev shared library
This library provides APIs to introspect and enumerate devices on the local
system.
libc6
libcap2
(None)
(None)
Universally Unique ID library
The libuuid library generates and parses 128-bit Universally Unique
IDs (UUIDs). A UUID is an identifier that is unique within the space
of all such identifiers across both space and time. It can be used for
multiple purposes, from tagging objects with an extremely short lifetime
to reliably identifying very persistent objects across a network.
.
See RFC 4122 for more information.
libc6
(None)
(None)
fast lossless compression algorithm
Zstd, short for Zstandard, is a fast lossless compression algorithm, targeting
real-time compression scenarios at zlib-level compression ratio.
.
This package contains the shared library.
libc6
(None)
(None)
system login tools
This package provides some required infrastructure for logins and for
changing effective user or group IDs, including:
login, the program that invokes a user shell on a virtual terminal;
nologin, a dummy shell for disabled user accounts;
libaudit1
libc6
libcrypt1
libpam-modules
libpam-runtime
libpam0g
/etc/login.defs
/etc/pam.d/login
/usr/bin/faillog
/usr/bin/lastlog
/usr/bin/login
/usr/bin/newgrp
/usr/bin/sg
/usr/sbin/nologin
save the output of a command in a log file
The logsave program will execute cmd_prog with the specified
argument(s), and save a copy of its output to logfile. If the
containing directory for logfile does not exist, logsave will
accumulate the output in memory until it can be written out. A copy
of the output will also be written to standard output.
libc6
(None)
/usr/sbin/logsave
Pattern scanning and text processing language
Mawk is an interpreter for the AWK Programming Language. The AWK
language is useful for manipulation of data files, text retrieval and
processing, and for prototyping and experimenting with algorithms. Mawk
is a new awk meaning it implements the AWK language as defined in Aho,
Kernighan and Weinberger, The AWK Programming Language, Addison-Wesley
Publishing, 1988. (Hereafter referred to as the AWK book.) Mawk conforms
to the POSIX 1003.2 (draft 11.3) definition of the AWK language
which contains a few features not described in the AWK book, and mawk
provides a small number of extensions.
.
Mawk is smaller and much faster than gawk. It has some compile-time
limits such as NF = 32767 and sprintf buffer = 1020.
libc6
(None)
/usr/bin/mawk
tools for mounting and manipulating filesystems
This package provides the mount(8), umount(8), swapon(8),
swapoff(8), and losetup(8) commands.
libblkid1
libc6
libmount1
libselinux1
libsmartcols1
(None)
/usr/bin/mount
/usr/bin/umount
/usr/sbin/losetup
/usr/sbin/swapoff
/usr/sbin/swapon
basic terminal type definitions
The ncurses library routines are a terminal-independent method of
updating character screens with reasonable optimization.
.
This package contains terminfo data files to support the most common types of
terminal, including ansi, dumb, linux, rxvt, screen, sun, vt100, vt102, vt220,
vt52, and xterm.
(None)
/etc/terminfo/README
(None)
terminal-related programs and man pages
The ncurses library routines are a terminal-independent method of
updating character screens with reasonable optimization.
.
This package contains the programs used for manipulating the terminfo
database and individual terminfo entries, as well as some programs for
resetting terminals and such.
libc6
libtinfo6
(None)
/usr/bin/captoinfo
/usr/bin/clear
/usr/bin/infocmp
/usr/bin/infotocap
/usr/bin/reset
/usr/bin/tabs
/usr/bin/tic
/usr/bin/toe
/usr/bin/tput
/usr/bin/tset
change and administer password and group data
This package includes passwd, chsh, chfn, and many other programs to
maintain password and group data.
.
Shadow passwords are supported. See /usr/share/doc/passwd/README.Debian
libaudit1
libc6
libcrypt1
libpam-modules
libpam0g
libselinux1
libsemanage2
/etc/default/useradd
/etc/pam.d/chfn
/etc/pam.d/chpasswd
/etc/pam.d/chsh
/etc/pam.d/newusers
/etc/pam.d/passwd
/usr/bin/chage
/usr/bin/chfn
/usr/bin/chsh
/usr/bin/expiry
/usr/bin/gpasswd
/usr/bin/passwd
/usr/sbin/chgpasswd
/usr/sbin/chpasswd
/usr/sbin/cpgr
/usr/sbin/cppw
/usr/sbin/groupadd
/usr/sbin/groupdel
/usr/sbin/groupmems
/usr/sbin/groupmod
/usr/sbin/grpck
/usr/sbin/grpconv
/usr/sbin/grpunconv
/usr/sbin/newusers
/usr/sbin/pwck
/usr/sbin/pwconv
/usr/sbin/pwunconv
/usr/sbin/shadowconfig
/usr/sbin/useradd
/usr/sbin/userdel
/usr/sbin/usermod
/usr/sbin/vigr
/usr/sbin/vipw
minimal Perl system
Perl is a scripting language used in many system scripts and utilities.
.
This package provides a Perl interpreter and the small subset of the
standard run-time library required to perform basic tasks. For a full
Perl installation, install "perl" (and its dependencies, "perl-modules-5.38"
and "perl-doc").
dpkg
libc6
libcrypt1
(None)
/usr/bin/perl
/usr/bin/perl5.38.2
/proc file system utilities
This package provides command line and full screen utilities for browsing
procfs, a "pseudo" file system dynamically generated by the kernel to
provide information about the status of entries in its process table
(such as whether the process is running, stopped, or a "zombie").
.
It contains free, kill, pkill, pgrep, pmap, ps, pwdx, skill, slabtop,
snice, sysctl, tload, top, uptime, vmstat, w, and watch.
init-system-helpers
libc6
libncursesw6
libproc2-0
libsystemd0
libtinfo6
/etc/init.d/procps
/etc/sysctl.conf
/etc/sysctl.d/10-console-messages.conf
/etc/sysctl.d/10-ipv6-privacy.conf
/etc/sysctl.d/10-kernel-hardening.conf
/etc/sysctl.d/10-magic-sysrq.conf
/etc/sysctl.d/10-map-count.conf
/etc/sysctl.d/10-network-security.conf
/etc/sysctl.d/10-ptrace.conf
/etc/sysctl.d/10-zeropage.conf
/etc/sysctl.d/README.sysctl
/usr/bin/free
/usr/bin/kill
/usr/bin/pgrep
/usr/bin/pidwait
/usr/bin/pkill
/usr/bin/pmap
/usr/bin/ps
/usr/bin/pwdx
/usr/bin/skill
/usr/bin/slabtop
/usr/bin/snice
/usr/bin/tload
/usr/bin/top
/usr/bin/uptime
/usr/bin/vmstat
/usr/bin/w
/usr/bin/watch
/usr/sbin/sysctl
GNU stream editor for filtering/transforming text
sed reads the specified files or the standard input if no
files are specified, makes editing changes according to a
list of commands, and writes the results to the standard
output.
libacl1
libc6
libselinux1
(None)
/usr/bin/sed
Utilities for sensible alternative selection
This package provides a number of small utilities which are used
by programs to sensibly select and spawn an appropriate browser,
editor, pager, or terminal emulator.
.
The specific utilities included are: sensible-browser sensible-editor
sensible-pager sensible-terminal
(None)
(None)
/usr/bin/select-editor
/usr/bin/sensible-browser
/usr/bin/sensible-editor
/usr/bin/sensible-pager
/usr/bin/sensible-terminal
System-V-like utilities
This package contains the important System-V-like utilities.
.
Specifically, this package includes:
init-d-script, fstab-decode, killall5, pidof
.
It also contains the library scripts sourced by init-d-script and other
initscripts that were formally in lsb-base.
libc6
(None)
/usr/bin/pidof
/usr/sbin/fstab-decode
/usr/sbin/killall5
GNU version of the tar archiving utility
Tar is a program for packaging a set of files as a single archive in tar
format. The function it performs is conceptually similar to cpio, and to
things like PKZIP in the DOS world. It is heavily used by the Debian package
management system, and is useful for performing system backups and exchanging
sets of files with others.
libacl1
libc6
libselinux1
/etc/rmt
/usr/bin/tar
/usr/sbin/rmt-tar
/usr/sbin/tarcat
miscellaneous system utilities
This package contains a number of important utilities, most of which
are oriented towards maintenance of your system. Some of the more
important utilities included in this package allow you to view kernel
messages, create new filesystems, view block device information,
interface with real time clock, etc.
libblkid1
libc6
libcap-ng0
libcrypt1
libmount1
libpam0g
libselinux1
libsmartcols1
libsystemd0
libtinfo6
libudev1
libuuid1
zlib1g
/etc/pam.d/runuser
/etc/pam.d/runuser-l
/etc/pam.d/su
/etc/pam.d/su-l
/usr/bin/addpart
/usr/bin/choom
/usr/bin/chrt
/usr/bin/delpart
/usr/bin/dmesg
/usr/bin/fallocate
/usr/bin/findmnt
/usr/bin/flock
/usr/bin/getopt
/usr/bin/hardlink
/usr/bin/i386
/usr/bin/ionice
/usr/bin/ipcmk
/usr/bin/ipcrm
/usr/bin/ipcs
/usr/bin/last
/usr/bin/lastb
/usr/bin/linux32
/usr/bin/linux64
/usr/bin/lsblk
/usr/bin/lscpu
/usr/bin/lsipc
/usr/bin/lslocks
/usr/bin/lslogins
/usr/bin/lsmem
/usr/bin/lsns
/usr/bin/mcookie
/usr/bin/mesg
/usr/bin/more
/usr/bin/mountpoint
/usr/bin/namei
/usr/bin/nsenter
/usr/bin/partx
/usr/bin/prlimit
/usr/bin/rename.ul
/usr/bin/resizepart
/usr/bin/rev
/usr/bin/setarch
/usr/bin/setpriv
/usr/bin/setsid
/usr/bin/setterm
/usr/bin/su
/usr/bin/taskset
/usr/bin/uclampset
/usr/bin/unshare
/usr/bin/utmpdump
/usr/bin/wdctl
/usr/bin/whereis
/usr/bin/x86_64
/usr/sbin/agetty
/usr/sbin/blkdiscard
/usr/sbin/blkid
/usr/sbin/blkzone
/usr/sbin/blockdev
/usr/sbin/chcpu
/usr/sbin/chmem
/usr/sbin/ctrlaltdel
/usr/sbin/findfs
/usr/sbin/fsck
/usr/sbin/fsck.cramfs
/usr/sbin/fsck.minix
/usr/sbin/fsfreeze
/usr/sbin/fstrim
/usr/sbin/getty
/usr/sbin/isosize
/usr/sbin/ldattach
/usr/sbin/mkfs
/usr/sbin/mkfs.bfs
/usr/sbin/mkfs.cramfs
/usr/sbin/mkfs.minix
/usr/sbin/mkswap
/usr/sbin/pivot_root
/usr/sbin/readprofile
/usr/sbin/rtcwake
/usr/sbin/runuser
/usr/sbin/sulogin
/usr/sbin/swaplabel
/usr/sbin/switch_root
/usr/sbin/wipefs
/usr/sbin/zramctl
compression library - runtime
zlib is a library implementing the deflate compression method found
in gzip and PKZIP. This package includes the shared library.
libc6
(None)
(None)
These are the important packages. You may expect them in (almost) every Ubuntu installation.
At my last check, the following packages are marked as important:
adduser: add and remove users and groups
apt: commandline package manager
apt-utils: package management related utility programs
ca-certificates: Common CA certificates
console-setup: console font and keymap setup program
console-setup-linux: Linux specific part of console-setup
dbus: simple interprocess messaging system (system message bus)
dbus-bin: simple interprocess messaging system (command line utilities)
dbus-daemon: simple interprocess messaging system (reference message bus)
dbus-session-bus-common: simple interprocess messaging system (session bus configuration)
dbus-system-bus-common: simple interprocess messaging system (system bus configuration)
dbus-user-session: simple interprocess messaging system (systemd --user integration)
debconf-i18n: full internationalization support for debconf
dhcpcd-base: DHCPv4 and DHCPv6 dual-stack client (binaries and exit hooks)
distro-info: provides information about the distributions' releases
distro-info-data: information about the distributions' releases (data files)
dmsetup: Linux Kernel Device Mapper userspace library
eject: ejects CDs and operates CD-Changers under Linux
gir1.2-glib-2.0: Introspection data for GLib, GObject, Gio and GModule
gpgv: GNU privacy guard - signature verification tool
init: metapackage ensuring an init system is installed
iproute2: networking and traffic control tools
iputils-ping: Tools to test the reachability of network hosts
iso-codes: ISO language, territory, currency, script codes and their translations
kbd: Linux console font and keytable utilities
keyboard-configuration: system-wide keyboard preferences
kmod: tools for managing Linux kernel modules
krb5-locales: internationalization support for MIT Kerberos
less: pager program similar to more
libapparmor1: changehat AppArmor library
libapt-pkg6.0:
libapt-pkg6.0t64: package management runtime library
libargon2-1: memory-hard hashing function - runtime library
libbpf1: eBPF helper library (shared library)
libbsd0: utility functions from BSD systems - shared library
libcap2-bin: POSIX 1003.1e capabilities (utilities)
libcryptsetup12: disk encryption support - shared library
libdb5.3t64: Berkeley v5.3 Database Libraries [runtime]
libdbus-1-3: simple interprocess messaging system (library)
libdevmapper1.02.1: Linux Kernel Device Mapper userspace library
libelf1t64: library to read and write ELF files
libestr0: Helper functions for handling strings (lib)
libexpat1: XML parsing C library - runtime library
libfastjson4: fast json library for C
libfdisk1: fdisk partitioning library
libffi8: Foreign Function Interface library runtime
libfribidi0: Free Implementation of the Unicode BiDi algorithm
libgirepository-1.0-1: Library for handling GObject introspection data (runtime library)
libglib2.0-0t64: GLib library of C routines
libglib2.0-data: Common files for GLib library
libgnutls30: GNU TLS library - main runtime library
libgnutls30t64: GNU TLS library - main runtime library
libgssapi-krb5-2: MIT Kerberos runtime libraries - krb5 GSS-API Mechanism
libhogweed6: low level cryptographic library (public-key cryptos)
libhogweed6t64: low level cryptographic library (public-key cryptos)
libicu74: International Components for Unicode
libidn2-0: Internationalized domain names (IDNA2008/TR46) library
libjson-c5: JSON manipulation library - shared library
libk5crypto3: MIT Kerberos runtime libraries - Crypto Library
libkeyutils1: Linux Key Management Utilities (library)
libkmod2: libkmod shared library
libkrb5-3: MIT Kerberos runtime libraries
libkrb5support0: MIT Kerberos runtime libraries - Support library
liblocale-gettext-perl: module using libc functions for internationalization in Perl
libmnl0: minimalistic Netlink communication library
libnetplan1: Declarative network configuration runtime library
libnettle8: low level cryptographic library (symmetric and one-way cryptos)
libnettle8t64: low level cryptographic library (symmetric and one-way cryptos)
libnewt0.52: Not Erik's Windowing Toolkit - text mode windowing with slang
libnss-systemd: nss module providing dynamic user and group name resolution
libp11-kit0: library for loading and coordinating access to PKCS#11 modules - runtime
libpam-cap: POSIX 1003.1e capabilities (PAM module)
libpam-systemd: system and service manager - PAM module
libpopt0: lib for parsing cmdline parameters
libpython3-stdlib: interactive high-level object-oriented language (default python3 version)
libpython3.12-minimal: Minimal subset of the Python language (version 3.12)
libpython3.12-stdlib: Interactive high-level object-oriented language (standard library, version 3.12)
libreadline8t64: GNU readline and history libraries, run-time libraries
libseccomp2: high level interface to Linux seccomp filter
libslang2: S-Lang programming library - runtime version
libsqlite3-0: SQLite 3 shared library
libstdc++6: GNU Standard C++ Library v3
libsystemd-shared: systemd shared private library
libtasn1-6: Manage ASN.1 structures (runtime)
libtext-charwidth-perl: get display widths of characters on the terminal
libtext-iconv-perl: module to convert between character sets in Perl
libtext-wrapi18n-perl: internationalized substitute of Text::Wrap
libtirpc-common: transport-independent RPC library - common files
libtirpc3t64: transport-independent RPC library
libunistring5: Unicode string library for C
libxml2: GNOME XML library
libxtables12: netfilter xtables library
libxxhash0: shared library for xxhash
libyaml-0-2: Fast YAML 1.1 parser and emitter library
locales: GNU C Library: National Language (locale) data [support]
logrotate: Log rotation utility
lsb-release: Linux Standard Base version reporting utility (minimal implementation)
media-types: List of standard media types and their usual file extension
netbase: Basic TCP/IP networking system
netcat-openbsd: TCP/IP swiss army knife
netplan-generator: Declarative network configuration systemd-generator
netplan.io: Declarative network configuration for various backends
networkd-dispatcher: Dispatcher service for systemd-networkd connection status changes
openssl: Secure Sockets Layer toolkit - cryptographic utility
python-apt-common: Python interface to libapt-pkg (locales)
python3: interactive high-level object-oriented language (default python3 version)
python3-apt: Python 3 interface to libapt-pkg
python3-cffi-backend: Foreign Function Interface for Python 3 calling C code - runtime
python3-dbus: simple interprocess messaging system (Python 3 interface)
python3-gi: Python 3 bindings for gobject-introspection libraries
python3-markdown-it: Python port of markdown-it and some its associated plugins
python3-mdurl: Python port of the JavaScript mdurl package
python3-minimal: minimal subset of the Python language (default python3 version)
python3-netifaces: portable network interface information - Python 3.x
python3-netplan: Declarative network configuration Python bindings
python3-pkg-resources: Package Discovery and Resource Access using pkg_resources
python3-pygments: syntax highlighting package written in Python 3
python3-rich: render rich text, tables, progress bars, syntax highlighting, markdown and more
python3-yaml: YAML parser and emitter for Python3
python3.12: Interactive high-level object-oriented language (version 3.12)
python3.12-minimal: Minimal subset of the Python language (version 3.12)
readline-common: GNU readline and history libraries, common files
rsyslog: reliable system and kernel logging daemon
shared-mime-info: FreeDesktop.org shared MIME database and spec
sudo: Provide limited super user privileges to specific users
systemd: system and service manager
systemd-dev: systemd development files
systemd-hwe-hwdb: udev rules for hardware enablement (HWE)
systemd-resolved: systemd DNS resolver
systemd-sysv: system and service manager - SysV compatibility symlinks
systemd-timesyncd: minimalistic service to synchronize local time with NTP servers
tzdata: time zone and daylight-saving time data
ubuntu-keyring: GnuPG keys of the Ubuntu archive
ubuntu-minimal: Minimal core of Ubuntu
ubuntu-pro-client: Management tools for Ubuntu Pro
ubuntu-pro-client-l10n: Translations for Ubuntu Pro Client
ucf: Update Configuration File(s): preserve user changes to config files
udev: /dev/ and hotplug management daemon
vim-common: Vi IMproved - Common files
vim-tiny: Vi IMproved - enhanced vi editor - compact version
whiptail: Displays user-friendly dialog boxes from shell scripts
xdg-user-dirs: tool to manage well known user directories
xkb-data: X Keyboard Extension (XKB) configuration data
xxd: tool to make (or reverse) a hex dump
add and remove users and groups
This package includes the 'adduser' and 'deluser' commands for creating
and removing users.
.
'adduser' creates new users and groups and adds existing users to
existing groups;
'deluser' removes users and groups and removes users from a given
group.
.
Adding users with 'adduser' is much easier than adding them manually.
'Adduser' will choose UID and GID values that conform to Debian policy,
create a home directory, copy skeletal user configuration, and
automate setting initial values for the user's password, real name
and so on.
.
'Deluser' can back up and remove users' home directories
and mail spool or all the files they own on the system.
.
A custom script can be executed after each of the commands.
.
'Adduser' and 'Deluser' are intended to be used by the local
administrator in lieu of the tools from the 'useradd' suite, and
they provide support for easy use from Debian package maintainer
scripts, functioning as kind of a policy layer to make those scripts
easier and more stable to write and maintain.
passwd
/etc/adduser.conf
/etc/deluser.conf
/usr/sbin/addgroup
/usr/sbin/adduser
/usr/sbin/delgroup
/usr/sbin/deluser
commandline package manager
This package provides commandline tools for searching and
managing as well as querying information about packages
as a low-level access to all features of the libapt-pkg library.
.
These include:
apt-get for retrieval of packages and information about them
from authenticated sources and for installation, upgrade and
removal of packages together with their dependencies
apt-cache for querying available information about installed
as well as installable packages
apt-cdrom to use removable media as a source for packages
apt-config as an interface to the configuration settings
apt-key as an interface to manage authentication keys
base-passwd
gpgv
libapt-pkg6.0t64
libc6
libgcc-s1
libgnutls30t64
libseccomp2
libstdc++6
libsystemd0
ubuntu-keyring
/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/01-vendor-ubuntu
/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/01autoremove
/etc/cron.daily/apt-compat
/etc/logrotate.d/apt
/usr/bin/apt
/usr/bin/apt-cache
/usr/bin/apt-cdrom
/usr/bin/apt-config
/usr/bin/apt-get
/usr/bin/apt-key
/usr/bin/apt-mark
package management related utility programs
This package contains some less used commandline utilities related
to package management with APT.
.
apt-extracttemplates is used by debconf to prompt for configuration
questions before installation.
apt-ftparchive is used to create Packages and other index files
needed to publish an archive of Debian packages
apt-sortpkgs is a Packages/Sources file normalizer.
apt
libapt-pkg6.0t64
libc6
libdb5.3t64
libgcc-s1
libstdc++6
(None)
/usr/bin/apt-extracttemplates
/usr/bin/apt-ftparchive
/usr/bin/apt-sortpkgs
Common CA certificates
Contains the certificate authorities shipped with Mozilla's browser to allow
SSL-based applications to check for the authenticity of SSL connections.
.
Please note that Debian can neither confirm nor deny whether the
certificate authorities whose certificates are included in this package
have in any way been audited for trustworthiness or RFC 3647 compliance.
Full responsibility to assess them belongs to the local system
administrator.
debconf
openssl
(None)
/usr/sbin/update-ca-certificates
console font and keymap setup program
This package provides the console with the same keyboard
configuration scheme as the X Window System. As a result, there is no
need to duplicate or change the keyboard files just to make simple
customizations such as the use of dead keys, the key functioning as
AltGr or Compose key, the key(s) to switch between Latin and
non-Latin mode, etc.
.
The package also installs console fonts supporting many of the
world's languages. It provides an unified set of font faces - the
classic VGA, the simplistic Fixed, and the cleaned Terminus,
TerminusBold and TerminusBoldVGA.
console-setup-linux
debconf
keyboard-configuration
xkb-data
(None)
/bin/setupcon
/bin/setupcon
/usr/bin/ckbcomp
/usr/bin/ckbcomp
Linux specific part of console-setup
This package includes fonts in psf format and definitions of various
8-bit charmaps.
init-system-helpers
kbd
keyboard-configuration
/etc/console-setup/compose.ARMSCII-8.inc
/etc/console-setup/compose.CP1251.inc
/etc/console-setup/compose.CP1255.inc
/etc/console-setup/compose.CP1256.inc
/etc/console-setup/compose.GEORGIAN-ACADEMY.inc
/etc/console-setup/compose.GEORGIAN-PS.inc
/etc/console-setup/compose.IBM1133.inc
/etc/console-setup/compose.ISIRI-3342.inc
/etc/console-setup/compose.ISO-8859-1.inc
/etc/console-setup/compose.ISO-8859-10.inc
/etc/console-setup/compose.ISO-8859-11.inc
/etc/console-setup/compose.ISO-8859-13.inc
/etc/console-setup/compose.ISO-8859-14.inc
/etc/console-setup/compose.ISO-8859-15.inc
/etc/console-setup/compose.ISO-8859-16.inc
/etc/console-setup/compose.ISO-8859-2.inc
/etc/console-setup/compose.ISO-8859-3.inc
/etc/console-setup/compose.ISO-8859-4.inc
/etc/console-setup/compose.ISO-8859-5.inc
/etc/console-setup/compose.ISO-8859-6.inc
/etc/console-setup/compose.ISO-8859-7.inc
/etc/console-setup/compose.ISO-8859-8.inc
/etc/console-setup/compose.ISO-8859-9.inc
/etc/console-setup/compose.KOI8-R.inc
/etc/console-setup/compose.KOI8-U.inc
/etc/console-setup/compose.TIS-620.inc
/etc/console-setup/compose.VISCII.inc
/etc/console-setup/remap.inc
/etc/console-setup/vtrgb
/etc/console-setup/vtrgb.vga
/etc/init.d/console-setup.sh
/etc/init.d/keyboard-setup.sh
(None)
simple interprocess messaging system (system message bus)
D-Bus is a message bus, used for sending messages between applications.
Conceptually, it fits somewhere in between raw sockets and CORBA in
terms of complexity.
.
D-Bus supports broadcast messages, asynchronous messages (thus
decreasing latency), authentication, and more. It is designed to be
low-overhead; messages are sent using a binary protocol, not using
XML. D-Bus also supports a method call mapping for its messages, but
it is not required; this makes using the system quite simple.
.
It comes with several bindings, including GLib, Python, Qt and Java.
.
This package provides a fully-functional D-Bus system bus with activation
support, used for communication between system services, and depends on
most of the other components of the reference implementation of D-Bus.
.
To provide a complete D-Bus session bus, install one of the packages
that implement the dbus-session-bus virtual package, such as
dbus-user-session. The recommended implementation is indicated by
the default-dbus-session-bus virtual package.
dbus-bin
dbus-daemon
dbus-system-bus-common
libc6
libdbus-1-3
libexpat1
libsystemd0
/etc/default/dbus
/etc/init.d/dbus
(None)
simple interprocess messaging system (command line utilities)
D-Bus is a message bus, used for sending messages between applications.
Conceptually, it fits somewhere in between raw sockets and CORBA in
terms of complexity.
.
This package contains the D-Bus command-line utilities such as dbus-send
and dbus-monitor.
libc6
libdbus-1-3
(None)
/usr/bin/dbus-cleanup-sockets
/usr/bin/dbus-monitor
/usr/bin/dbus-send
/usr/bin/dbus-update-activation-environment
/usr/bin/dbus-uuidgen
simple interprocess messaging system (reference message bus)
D-Bus is a message bus, used for sending messages between applications.
Conceptually, it fits somewhere in between raw sockets and CORBA in
terms of complexity.
.
This package contains dbus-daemon, the reference implementation of a
D-Bus message bus, and dbus-run-session, a utility to start a temporary
session dbus-daemon in a constrained environment or for automated tests.
.
To provide a complete D-Bus session bus, install one of the packages
that implement the dbus-session-bus virtual package, such as
dbus-user-session. The recommended implementation is indicated by
the default-dbus-session-bus virtual package.
dbus-bin
dbus-session-bus-common
libapparmor1
libaudit1
libc6
libcap-ng0
libdbus-1-3
libexpat1
libselinux1
libsystemd0
(None)
/usr/bin/dbus-daemon
/usr/bin/dbus-run-session
simple interprocess messaging system (session bus configuration)
D-Bus is a message bus, used for sending messages between applications.
Conceptually, it fits somewhere in between raw sockets and CORBA in
terms of complexity.
.
This package contains the configuration files defining the behaviour of
the D-Bus session bus, used for applications and per-user services.
These are used by the reference implementation in the dbus package,
and by the reimplementation in the dbus-broker package.
.
To provide a complete D-Bus session bus, install one of the packages
that implement the dbus-session-bus virtual package, such as
dbus-user-session. The recommended implementation is indicated by
the default-dbus-session-bus virtual package.
(None)
(None)
(None)
simple interprocess messaging system (system bus configuration)
D-Bus is a message bus, used for sending messages between applications.
Conceptually, it fits somewhere in between raw sockets and CORBA in
terms of complexity.
.
This package contains the configuration files defining the behaviour of
the D-Bus system bus, used for system services such as networking and
storage management services. It is also responsible for creating the
'messagebus' system user account used to run the system bus.
These are used by the reference implementation in the dbus package,
and by the reimplementation in the dbus-broker package.
.
To provide a complete D-Bus system bus, install one of the packages
that implement the dbus-system-bus virtual package, such as dbus.
The recommended implementation is indicated by the default-dbus-system-bus
virtual package.
adduser
(None)
(None)
simple interprocess messaging system (systemd --user integration)
D-Bus is a message bus, used for sending messages between applications.
Conceptually, it fits somewhere in between raw sockets and CORBA in
terms of complexity.
.
On systemd systems, this package opts in to the session model in which
a users session starts the first time they log in, and does not end
until all their login sessions have ended. This model merges all
parallel non-graphical login sessions (text mode, ssh, cron, etc.), and up
to one graphical session, into a single "user-session" or "super-session"
within which all background D-Bus services are shared.
.
Multiple graphical sessions per user are not currently supported in this
mode; as a result, it is particularly suitable for gdm, which responds to
requests to open a parallel graphical session by switching to the existing
graphical session and unlocking it.
.
To retain dbus traditional session semantics, in which login sessions
are artificially isolated from each other, remove this package and install
dbus-x11 instead.
.
See the dbus package description for more information about D-Bus in general.
dbus-daemon
dbus-session-bus-common
libpam-systemd
systemd
/etc/X11/Xsession.d/20dbus_xdg-runtime
(None)
full internationalization support for debconf
This package provides full internationalization for debconf, including
translations into all available languages, support for using translated
debconf templates, and support for proper display of multibyte character
sets.
debconf
liblocale-gettext-perl
libtext-charwidth-perl
libtext-iconv-perl
libtext-wrapi18n-perl
(None)
(None)
DHCPv4 and DHCPv6 dual-stack client (binaries and exit hooks)
dhcpcd provides seamless IPv4 and IPv6 auto-configuration:
DHCPv4 client
DHCPv6 client with Prefix Delegation (PD) support
IPv4 LL support (ZeroConf)
IPv6 SLAAC support
ARP address conflict resolution
ARP ping profiles
Wireless SSID profiles
.
This package provides the binaries, exit hooks and manual pages.
.
It offers a dual-stack substitute for ISC DHCP Client (dhclient) on systems
where interfaces are configured by ifupdown via
using the DHCP method.
.
The init.d script and systemd service required for systems without ifupdown
are packaged separately as dhcpcd.
.
Since Debian 12 (Bookworm), dhcpcd uses Predictable Network Interface Names
on Linux ports. See NEWS.Debian for more details.
adduser
libc6
libssl3
libudev1
/etc/dhcpcd.conf
/usr/sbin/dhcpcd
provides information about the distributions' releases
Information about all releases of Debian and Ubuntu. The distro-info script
will give you the codename for e.g. the latest stable release of your
distribution. To get information about a specific distribution there are the
debian-distro-info and the ubuntu-distro-info scripts.
distro-info-data
libc6
(None)
/usr/bin/debian-distro-info
/usr/bin/distro-info
/usr/bin/ubuntu-distro-info
information about the distributions' releases (data files)
Information about all releases of Debian and Ubuntu. The distro-info script
will give you the codename for e.g. the latest stable release of your
distribution. To get information about a specific distribution there are the
debian-distro-info and the ubuntu-distro-info scripts.
.
This package contains the data files.
(None)
(None)
(None)
Linux Kernel Device Mapper userspace library
The Linux Kernel Device Mapper is the LVM (Linux Logical Volume Management)
Teams implementation of a minimalistic kernel-space driver that handles
volume management, while keeping knowledge of the underlying device layout
in user-space. This makes it useful for not only LVM, but software raid,
and other drivers that create "virtual" block devices.
.
This package contains a utility for modifying device mappings.
libc6
libdevmapper1.02.1
(None)
/usr/sbin/blkdeactivate
/usr/sbin/dmsetup
/usr/sbin/dmstats
ejects CDs and operates CD-Changers under Linux
This program will eject CD-ROMs (assuming your drive supports the CDROMEJECT
ioctl). It also allows setting the autoeject feature.
.
On supported ATAPI/IDE multi-disc CD-ROM changers, it allows changing
the active disc.
.
You can also use eject to properly disconnect external mass-storage
devices like digital cameras or portable music players.
libc6
libmount1
(None)
/usr/bin/eject
Introspection data for GLib, GObject, Gio and GModule
GObject Introspection is a project for providing machine readable
introspection data of the API of C libraries. This introspection
data can be used in several different use cases, for example
automatic code generation for bindings, API verification and documentation
generation.
.
This package contains the introspection data for the GLib, GObject,
GModule and Gio libraries, in the typelib format used to generate
bindings for dynamic languages like JavaScript and Python.
libglib2.0-0t64
(None)
(None)
GNU privacy guard - signature verification tool
GnuPG is GNU's tool for secure communication and data storage.
.
gpgv is actually a stripped-down version of gpg which is only able
to check signatures. It is somewhat smaller than the fully-blown gpg
and uses a different (and simpler) way to check that the public keys
used to make the signature are valid. There are no configuration
files and only a few options are implemented.
libassuan0
libbz2-1.0
libc6
libgcrypt20
libgpg-error0
libnpth0t64
zlib1g
(None)
/usr/bin/gpgv
metapackage ensuring an init system is installed
This package is a metapackage which allows you to select from the available
init systems while ensuring that one of these is available on the system at
all times.
systemd-sysv
(None)
(None)
networking and traffic control tools
The iproute2 suite is a collection of utilities for networking and
traffic control.
.
These tools communicate with the Linux kernel via the (rt)netlink
interface, providing advanced features not available through the
legacy net-tools commands 'ifconfig' and 'route'.
debconf
libbpf1
libc6
libcap2
libcap2-bin
libdb5.3t64
libelf1t64
libmnl0
libselinux1
libtirpc3t64
libxtables12
/etc/iproute2/bpf_pinning
/etc/iproute2/ematch_map
/etc/iproute2/group
/etc/iproute2/nl_protos
/etc/iproute2/rt_dsfield
/etc/iproute2/rt_protos
/etc/iproute2/rt_protos.d/README
/etc/iproute2/rt_realms
/etc/iproute2/rt_scopes
/etc/iproute2/rt_tables
/etc/iproute2/rt_tables.d/README
/bin/ip
/bin/ss
/sbin/bridge
/sbin/dcb
/sbin/devlink
/sbin/ip
/sbin/rtacct
/sbin/rtmon
/sbin/tc
/sbin/tipc
/sbin/vdpa
/usr/bin/ctstat
/usr/bin/lnstat
/usr/bin/nstat
/usr/bin/rdma
/usr/bin/routel
/usr/bin/rtstat
/usr/sbin/arpd
/usr/sbin/genl
Tools to test the reachability of network hosts
The ping command sends ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to a host in order to
test if the host is reachable via the network.
.
This package includes a ping6 utility which supports IPv6 network
connections.
libc6
libcap2
libcap2-bin
libidn2-0
(None)
/usr/bin/ping
/usr/bin/ping4
/usr/bin/ping6
ISO language, territory, currency, script codes and their translations
This package provides the ISO 639, ISO 639-3, and ISO 639-5 language
code lists, the ISO 4217 currency code list, the ISO 3166 territory
code list, the ISO 3166-2 sub-territory list, and the ISO 15924
script code list as JSON files.
.
More importantly, it also provides their translations to be used by
other programs.
(None)
(None)
(None)
Linux console font and keytable utilities
This package allows you to set up the Linux console, change the font,
resize text mode virtual consoles and remap the keyboard.
.
You will probably want to install the \xe2\x80\x9cconsole-setup\xe2\x80\x9d package which
sets up console font and keymap data files.
console-setup
libc6
(None)
/usr/bin/chvt
/usr/bin/codepage
/usr/bin/deallocvt
/usr/bin/dumpkeys
/usr/bin/fgconsole
/usr/bin/getkeycodes
/usr/bin/kbd_mode
/usr/bin/kbdinfo
/usr/bin/loadkeys
/usr/bin/loadunimap
/usr/bin/mapscrn
/usr/bin/mk_modmap
/usr/bin/openvt
/usr/bin/psfaddtable
/usr/bin/psfgettable
/usr/bin/psfstriptable
/usr/bin/psfxtable
/usr/bin/resizecons
/usr/bin/screendump
/usr/bin/setfont
/usr/bin/setkeycodes
/usr/bin/setleds
/usr/bin/setlogcons
/usr/bin/setmetamode
/usr/bin/showconsolefont
/usr/bin/showkey
/usr/bin/splitfont
/usr/bin/unicode_start
/usr/bin/unicode_stop
/usr/sbin/kbdrate
/usr/sbin/setvesablank
/usr/sbin/setvtrgb
/usr/sbin/vcstime
system-wide keyboard preferences
This package maintains the keyboard preferences in
/etc/default/keyboard. Other packages can use the information
provided by this package in order to configure the keyboard on the
console or in X Window.
debconf
liblocale-gettext-perl
xkb-data
(None)
(None)
tools for managing Linux kernel modules
This package contains a set of programs for loading, inserting, and
removing kernel modules for Linux.
It replaces module-init-tools.
libc6
libkmod2
liblzma5
libssl3
libzstd1
/etc/depmod.d/ubuntu.conf
/etc/init.d/kmod
/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-ath_pci.conf
/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-firewire.conf
/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-framebuffer.conf
/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-rare-network.conf
/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
/etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi.conf
/usr/bin/kmod
/usr/bin/lsmod
/usr/sbin/depmod
/usr/sbin/insmod
/usr/sbin/lsmod
/usr/sbin/modinfo
/usr/sbin/modprobe
/usr/sbin/rmmod
internationalization support for MIT Kerberos
Kerberos is a system for authenticating users and services on a network.
Kerberos is a trusted third-party service. That means that there is a
third party (the Kerberos server) that is trusted by all the entities on
the network (users and services, usually called "principals").
.
This is the MIT reference implementation of Kerberos V5.
.
This package contains internationalized messages for MIT Kerberos.
(None)
(None)
(None)
pager program similar to more
This package provides "less", a file pager (that is, a memory-efficient
utility for displaying text one screenful at a time). Less has many
more features than the basic pager "more". As part of the GNU project,
it is widely regarded as the standard pager on UNIX-derived systems.
.
Also provided are "lessecho", a simple utility for ensuring arguments
with spaces are correctly quoted; "lesskey", a tool for modifying the
standard (vi-like) keybindings; and "lesspipe", a filter for specific
types of input, such as .doc or .txt.gz files.
libc6
libtinfo6
(None)
/usr/bin/less
/usr/bin/lessecho
/usr/bin/lessfile
/usr/bin/lesskey
/usr/bin/lesspipe
changehat AppArmor library
libapparmor1 provides a shared library one can compile programs
against in order to use various AppArmor functionality,
such as transitioning to a different AppArmor profile or hat.
libc6
(None)
(None)
libbz2-1.0
libc6
libgcc-s1
libgcrypt20
liblz4-1
liblzma5
libstdc++6
libsystemd0
libudev1
libxxhash0
libzstd1
zlib1g
(None)
(None)
package management runtime library
This library provides the common functionality for searching and
managing packages as well as information about packages.
Higher-level package managers can depend upon this library.
.
This includes:
retrieval of information about packages from multiple sources
retrieval of packages and all dependent packages
needed to satisfy a request either through an internal
solver or by interfacing with an external one
authenticating the sources and validating the retrieved data
installation and removal of packages in the system
providing different transports to retrieve data over cdrom, ftp,
http(s), rsh as well as an interface to add more transports like
tor+http(s) (apt-transport-tor).
libbz2-1.0
libc6
libgcc-s1
libgcrypt20
liblz4-1
liblzma5
libstdc++6
libsystemd0
libudev1
libxxhash0
libzstd1
zlib1g
(None)
(None)
memory-hard hashing function - runtime library
Argon2 is a password-hashing function that can be used to hash passwords
for credential storage, key derivation, or other applications.
.
There are two main versions of Argon2: Argon2i and Argon2d.
Argon2i is the safest against side-channel attacks, while Argon2d provides
the highest resistance against GPU cracking attacks.
.
Argon2i and Argon2d are parametrized by:
A time cost, which defines the amount of computation realized and
therefore the execution time, given in number of iterations
A memory cost, which defines the memory usage, given in kibibytes
A parallelism degree, which defines the number of parallel threads
.
This package includes the dynamic library against which programs are linked.
libc6
(None)
(None)
eBPF helper library (shared library)
libbpf is a library for loading eBPF programs and reading and
manipulating eBPF objects from user-space.
.
This package contains the shared library.
libc6
libelf1t64
zlib1g
(None)
(None)
utility functions from BSD systems - shared library
This library provides some C functions such as strlcpy() that are commonly
available on BSD systems but not on others like GNU systems.
.
For a detailed list of the provided functions, please see the libbsd-dev
package description.
libc6
libmd0
(None)
(None)
POSIX 1003.1e capabilities (utilities)
Libcap implements the user-space interfaces to the POSIX 1003.1e capabilities
available in Linux kernels. These capabilities are a partitioning of the all
powerful root privilege into a set of distinct privileges.
.
This package contains additional utilities.
libc6
libcap2
(None)
/usr/sbin/capsh
/usr/sbin/getcap
/usr/sbin/getpcaps
/usr/sbin/setcap
disk encryption support - shared library
Cryptsetup provides an interface for configuring encryption on block
devices (such as /home or swap partitions), using the Linux kernel
device mapper target dm-crypt. It features integrated Linux Unified Key
Setup (LUKS) support.
.
This package provides the libcryptsetup shared library.
libargon2-1
libblkid1
libc6
libdevmapper1.02.1
libjson-c5
libssl3
libuuid1
(None)
(None)
Berkeley v5.3 Database Libraries [runtime]
This is the runtime package for programs that use the v5.3 Berkeley
database library.
libc6
(None)
(None)
simple interprocess messaging system (library)
D-Bus is a message bus, used for sending messages between applications.
Conceptually, it fits somewhere in between raw sockets and CORBA in
terms of complexity.
.
D-Bus supports broadcast messages, asynchronous messages (thus
decreasing latency), authentication, and more. It is designed to be
low-overhead; messages are sent using a binary protocol, not using
XML. D-Bus also supports a method call mapping for its messages, but
it is not required; this makes using the system quite simple.
.
It comes with several bindings, including GLib, Python, Qt and Java.
.
The message bus daemon can be found in the dbus-daemon package.
libc6
libsystemd0
(None)
(None)
Linux Kernel Device Mapper userspace library
The Linux Kernel Device Mapper is the LVM (Linux Logical Volume Management)
Teams implementation of a minimalistic kernel-space driver that handles
volume management, while keeping knowledge of the underlying device layout
in user-space. This makes it useful for not only LVM, but software raid,
and other drivers that create "virtual" block devices.
.
This package contains the (user-space) shared library for accessing the
device-mapper; it allows usage of the device-mapper through a clean,
consistent interface (as opposed to through kernel ioctls).
libc6
libselinux1
libudev1
(None)
(None)
library to read and write ELF files
The libelf1t64 package provides a shared library which allows reading and
writing ELF files on a high level. Third party programs depend on
this package to read internals of ELF files. The programs of the
elfutils package use it also to generate new ELF files.
.
This library is part of elfutils.
libc6
libzstd1
zlib1g
(None)
(None)
Helper functions for handling strings (lib)
The 'libestr' library contains some essential string manipulation
functions and more, like escaping special characters.
.
This package contains the shared library.
libc6
(None)
(None)
XML parsing C library - runtime library
This package contains the runtime, shared library of expat, the C
library for parsing XML. Expat is a stream-oriented parser in
which an application registers handlers for things the parser
might find in the XML document (like start tags).
libc6
(None)
(None)
fast json library for C
The libfastjson library is a fork from json-c with a focus on performance.
.
This package contains the shared library.
libc6
(None)
(None)
fdisk partitioning library
The libfdisk library is used for manipulating partition tables. It is
the core of the fdisk, cfdisk, and sfdisk tools.
libblkid1
libc6
libuuid1
(None)
(None)
Foreign Function Interface library runtime
A foreign function interface is the popular name for the interface that
allows code written in one language to call code written in another
language.
libc6
(None)
(None)
Free Implementation of the Unicode BiDi algorithm
FriBiDi is a BiDi algorithm implementation for Hebrew and/or Arabic
languages.
This package contains the shared libraries.
libc6
(None)
(None)
Library for handling GObject introspection data (runtime library)
GObject Introspection is a project for providing machine readable
introspection data of the API of C libraries. This introspection
data can be used in several different use cases, for example
automatic code generation for bindings, API verification and documentation
generation.
.
GObject Introspection contains tools to generate and handle the
introspection data.
.
This package contains a C library for handling the introspection data.
libc6
libffi8
libglib2.0-0t64
(None)
(None)
GLib library of C routines
GLib is a library containing many useful C routines for things such
as trees, hashes, lists, and strings. It is a useful general-purpose
C library used by projects such as GTK+, GIMP, and GNOME.
.
This package contains the shared libraries.
libc6
libffi8
libmount1
libpcre2-8-0
libselinux1
zlib1g
(None)
(None)
Common files for GLib library
GLib is a library containing many useful C routines for things such
as trees, hashes, lists, and strings. It is a useful general-purpose
C library used by projects such as GTK+, GIMP, and GNOME.
.
This package is needed for the runtime libraries to display messages in
languages other than English.
(None)
(None)
(None)
GNU TLS library - main runtime library
GnuTLS is a portable library which implements the Transport Layer
Security (TLS 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3) and Datagram
Transport Layer Security (DTLS 1.0, 1.2) protocols.
.
GnuTLS features support for:
- certificate path validation, as well as DANE and trust on first use.
- the Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP).
- public key methods, including RSA and Elliptic curves, as well as password
and key authentication methods such as SRP and PSK protocols.
- all the strong encryption algorithms, including AES and Camellia.
- CPU-assisted cryptography with VIA padlock and AES-NI instruction sets.
- HSMs and cryptographic tokens, via PKCS #11.
.
This package contains the main runtime library.
libc6
libgmp10
libhogweed6
libidn2-0
libnettle8
libp11-kit0
libtasn1-6
libunistring5
(None)
(None)
GNU TLS library - main runtime library
GnuTLS is a portable library which implements the Transport Layer
Security (TLS 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3) and Datagram
Transport Layer Security (DTLS 1.0, 1.2) protocols.
.
GnuTLS features support for:
certificate path validation, as well as DANE and trust on first use.
the Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP).
public key methods, including RSA and Elliptic curves, as well as password
and key authentication methods such as SRP and PSK protocols.
all the strong encryption algorithms, including AES and Camellia.
CPU-assisted cryptography with VIA padlock and AES-NI instruction sets.
HSMs and cryptographic tokens, via PKCS #11.
.
This package contains the main runtime library.
libc6
libgmp10
libhogweed6t64
libidn2-0
libnettle8t64
libp11-kit0
libtasn1-6
libunistring5
/etc/gnutls/config
(None)
MIT Kerberos runtime libraries - krb5 GSS-API Mechanism
Kerberos is a system for authenticating users and services on a network.
Kerberos is a trusted third-party service. That means that there is a
third party (the Kerberos server) that is trusted by all the entities on
the network (users and services, usually called "principals").
.
This is the MIT reference implementation of Kerberos V5.
.
This package contains the runtime library for the MIT Kerberos
implementation of GSS-API used by applications and Kerberos clients.
libc6
libcom-err2
libk5crypto3
libkrb5-3
libkrb5support0
(None)
(None)
low level cryptographic library (public-key cryptos)
Nettle is a cryptographic library that is designed to fit easily in more or
less any context: In crypto toolkits for object-oriented languages (C++,
Python, Pike, ...), in applications like LSH or GNUPG, or even in kernel
space.
.
It tries to solve a problem of providing a common set of cryptographic
algorithms for higher-level applications by implementing a
context-independent set of cryptographic algorithms. In that light, Nettle
doesn't do any memory allocation or I/O, it simply provides the
cryptographic algorithms for the application to use in any environment and
in any way it needs.
.
This package contains the asymmetric cryptographic algorithms, which,
require the GNU multiple precision arithmetic library (libgmp) for
their large integer computations.
libc6
libgmp10
libnettle8
(None)
(None)
low level cryptographic library (public-key cryptos)
Nettle is a cryptographic library that is designed to fit easily in more or
less any context: In crypto toolkits for object-oriented languages (C++,
Python, Pike, ...), in applications like LSH or GNUPG, or even in kernel
space.
.
It tries to solve a problem of providing a common set of cryptographic
algorithms for higher-level applications by implementing a
context-independent set of cryptographic algorithms. In that light, Nettle
doesn't do any memory allocation or I/O, it simply provides the
cryptographic algorithms for the application to use in any environment and
in any way it needs.
.
This package contains the asymmetric cryptographic algorithms, which,
require the GNU multiple precision arithmetic library (libgmp) for
their large integer computations.
libc6
libgmp10
libnettle8t64
(None)
(None)
International Components for Unicode
ICU is a C++ and C library that provides robust and full-featured
Unicode and locale support. This package contains the runtime
libraries for ICU.
libc6
libgcc-s1
libstdc++6
(None)
(None)
Internationalized domain names (IDNA2008/TR46) library
Libidn2 implements the revised algorithm for internationalized domain
names called IDNA2008/TR46.
.
This package contains runtime libraries.
libc6
libunistring5
(None)
(None)
JSON manipulation library - shared library
This library allows you to easily construct JSON objects in C,
output them as JSON formatted strings and parse JSON formatted
strings back into the C representation of JSON objects.
libc6
(None)
(None)
MIT Kerberos runtime libraries - Crypto Library
Kerberos is a system for authenticating users and services on a network.
Kerberos is a trusted third-party service. That means that there is a
third party (the Kerberos server) that is trusted by all the entities on
the network (users and services, usually called "principals").
.
This is the MIT reference implementation of Kerberos V5.
.
This package contains the runtime cryptography libraries used by
applications and Kerberos clients.
libc6
libkrb5support0
(None)
(None)
Linux Key Management Utilities (library)
Keyutils is a set of utilities for managing the key retention facility in the
kernel, which can be used by filesystems, block devices and more to gain and
retain the authorization and encryption keys required to perform secure
operations.
.
This package provides a wrapper library for the key management facility system
calls.
libc6
(None)
(None)
libkmod shared library
This library provides an API for insertion, removal, configuration and
listing of kernel modules.
libc6
liblzma5
libssl3
libzstd1
(None)
(None)
MIT Kerberos runtime libraries
Kerberos is a system for authenticating users and services on a network.
Kerberos is a trusted third-party service. That means that there is a
third party (the Kerberos server) that is trusted by all the entities on
the network (users and services, usually called "principals").
.
This is the MIT reference implementation of Kerberos V5.
.
This package contains the runtime library for the main Kerberos v5 API
used by applications and Kerberos clients.
libc6
libcom-err2
libk5crypto3
libkeyutils1
libkrb5support0
libssl3t64
(None)
(None)
MIT Kerberos runtime libraries - Support library
Kerberos is a system for authenticating users and services on a network.
Kerberos is a trusted third-party service. That means that there is a
third party (the Kerberos server) that is trusted by all the entities on
the network (users and services, usually called "principals").
.
This is the MIT reference implementation of Kerberos V5.
.
This package contains an internal runtime support library used by other
Kerberos libraries.
libc6
(None)
(None)
module using libc functions for internationalization in Perl
The Locale::gettext module permits access from perl to the gettext() family of
functions for retrieving message strings from databases constructed
to internationalize software.
.
It provides gettext(), dgettext(), dcgettext(), textdomain(),
bindtextdomain(), bind_textdomain_codeset(), ngettext(), dcngettext()
and dngettext().
libc6
perl-base
perlapi-5.38.2
(None)
(None)
minimalistic Netlink communication library
libmnl is a minimalistic user-space library oriented to Netlink developers.
There are a lot of common tasks in parsing, validating, constructing of
both the Netlink header and TLVs that are repetitive and easy to get wrong.
This library aims to provide simple helpers that allows you to re-use code
and to avoid re-inventing the wheel.
.
The main features of this library are:
.
Small: the shared library requires around 30KB for an x86-based computer.
.
Simple: this library avoids complexity and elaborated abstractions that
tend to hide Netlink details.
.
Easy to use: the library simplifies the work for Netlink-wise developers.
It provides functions to make socket handling, message building,
validating, parsing and sequence tracking, easier.
.
Easy to re-use: you can use the library to build your own abstraction
layer on top of this library.
.
Decoupling: the interdependency of the main bricks that compose the
library is reduced, i.e. the library provides many helpers, but the
programmer is not forced to use them.
.
This package contains the shared libraries needed to run programs that use
the minimalistic Netlink communication library.
libc6
(None)
(None)
Declarative network configuration runtime library
netplan reads YAML network configuration files which are written
by administrators, installers, cloud image instantiations, or other OS
deployments. During early boot it then generates backend specific
configuration files in /run to hand off control of devices to a particular
networking daemon.
.
Currently supported backends are networkd and NetworkManager.
.
This package contains the necessary runtime library files.
libc6
libglib2.0-0t64
libuuid1
libyaml-0-2
(None)
(None)
low level cryptographic library (symmetric and one-way cryptos)
Nettle is a cryptographic library that is designed to fit easily in more or
less any context: In crypto toolkits for object-oriented languages (C++,
Python, Pike, ...), in applications like LSH or GNUPG, or even in kernel
space.
.
It tries to solve a problem of providing a common set of cryptographic
algorithms for higher-level applications by implementing a
context-independent set of cryptographic algorithms. In that light, Nettle
doesn't do any memory allocation or I/O, it simply provides the
cryptographic algorithms for the application to use in any environment and
in any way it needs.
.
This package contains the symmetric and one-way cryptographic
algorithms. To avoid having this package depend on libgmp, the
asymmetric cryptos reside in a separate library, libhogweed.
libc6
(None)
(None)
low level cryptographic library (symmetric and one-way cryptos)
Nettle is a cryptographic library that is designed to fit easily in more or
less any context: In crypto toolkits for object-oriented languages (C++,
Python, Pike, ...), in applications like LSH or GNUPG, or even in kernel
space.
.
It tries to solve a problem of providing a common set of cryptographic
algorithms for higher-level applications by implementing a
context-independent set of cryptographic algorithms. In that light, Nettle
doesn't do any memory allocation or I/O, it simply provides the
cryptographic algorithms for the application to use in any environment and
in any way it needs.
.
This package contains the symmetric and one-way cryptographic
algorithms. To avoid having this package depend on libgmp, the
asymmetric cryptos reside in a separate library, libhogweed.
libc6
(None)
(None)
Not Erik's Windowing Toolkit - text mode windowing with slang
Newt is a windowing toolkit for text mode built from the slang library.
It allows color text mode applications to easily use stackable windows,
push buttons, check boxes, radio buttons, lists, entry fields, labels,
and displayable text. Scrollbars are supported, and forms may be nested
to provide extra functionality. This package contains the shared library
for programs that have been built with newt.
libc6
libslang2
/etc/newt/palette.original
/etc/newt/palette.ubuntu
(None)
nss module providing dynamic user and group name resolution
nss-systemd is a plug-in module for the GNU Name Service Switch (NSS)
functionality of the GNU C Library (glibc), providing UNIX user and group name
resolution for dynamic users and groups allocated through the DynamicUser=
option in systemd unit files. See systemd.exec(5) for details on this
option.
.
Installing this package automatically adds the module to /etc/nsswitch.conf.
libc6
libcap2
systemd
(None)
(None)
library for loading and coordinating access to PKCS#11 modules - runtime
The p11-kit library provides a way to load and enumerate Public-Key
Cryptography Standard #11 modules, along with a standard configuration
setup for installing PKCS#11 modules so that they're discoverable. It
also solves problems with coordinating the use of PKCS#11 by different
components or libraries living in the same process.
.
This package contains the shared library required for applications loading
and accessing PKCS#11 modules.
libc6
libffi8
(None)
(None)
POSIX 1003.1e capabilities (PAM module)
Libcap implements the user-space interfaces to the POSIX 1003.1e capabilities
available in Linux kernels. These capabilities are a partitioning of the all
powerful root privilege into a set of distinct privileges.
.
This package contains the PAM module for enforcing capabilities on users and
groups at PAM session start time.
libc6
libcap2
libpam-runtime
libpam0g
/etc/security/capability.conf
(None)
system and service manager - PAM module
This package contains the PAM module which registers user sessions in
the systemd control group hierarchy for logind.
.
If in doubt, do install this package.
.
Packages that depend on logind functionality need to depend on libpam-systemd.
default-dbus-system-bus
libc6
libcap2
libpam-runtime
libpam0g
systemd
systemd-sysv
(None)
(None)
lib for parsing cmdline parameters
Popt was heavily influenced by the getopt() and getopt_long() functions,
but it allows more powerful argument expansion. It can parse arbitrary
argv[] style arrays and automatically set variables based on command
line arguments. It also allows command line arguments to be aliased via
configuration files and includes utility functions for parsing arbitrary
strings into argv[] arrays using shell-like rules.
.
This package contains the runtime library and locale data.
libc6
(None)
(None)
interactive high-level object-oriented language (default python3 version)
This package contains the majority of the standard library for the Python
language (default python3 version).
.
This package is a dependency package, which depends on Debian's default
Python 3 version's standard library (currently v3.12).
libpython3.12-stdlib
(None)
(None)
Minimal subset of the Python language (version 3.12)
This package contains some essential modules. It is normally not
used on it's own, but as a dependency of python3.12-minimal.
libc6
libssl3t64
/etc/python3.12/sitecustomize.py
(None)
Interactive high-level object-oriented language (standard library, version 3.12)
Python is a high-level, interactive, object-oriented language. Its 3.12 version
includes an extensive class library with lots of goodies for
network programming, system administration, sounds and graphics.
.
This package contains Python 3.12's standard library. It is normally not
used on its own, but as a dependency of python3.12.
libbz2-1.0
libc6
libcrypt1
libdb5.3t64
libffi8
liblzma5
libncursesw6
libpython3.12-minimal
libreadline8t64
libsqlite3-0
libtinfo6
media-types
netbase
tzdata
(None)
(None)
GNU readline and history libraries, run-time libraries
The GNU readline library aids in the consistency of user interface
across discrete programs that need to provide a command line
interface.
.
The GNU history library provides a consistent user interface for
recalling lines of previously typed input.
libc6
libtinfo6
readline-common
(None)
(None)
high level interface to Linux seccomp filter
This library provides a high level interface to constructing, analyzing
and installing seccomp filters via a BPF passed to the Linux Kernel's
prctl() syscall.
libc6
(None)
(None)
S-Lang programming library - runtime version
S-Lang is a C programmer's library that includes routines for the rapid
development of sophisticated, user friendly, multi-platform applications.
.
This package contains only the shared library libslang.so.* and copyright
information. It is only necessary for programs that use this library (such
as jed and slrn). If you plan on doing development with S-Lang, you will
need the companion -dev package as well.
libc6
(None)
(None)
SQLite 3 shared library
SQLite is a C library that implements an SQL database engine.
Programs that link with the SQLite library can have SQL database
access without running a separate RDBMS process.
libc6
(None)
(None)
GNU Standard C++ Library v3
This package contains an additional runtime library for C++ programs
built with the GNU compiler.
.
libstdc++-v3 is a complete rewrite from the previous libstdc++-v2, which
was included up to g++-2.95. The first version of libstdc++-v3 appeared
in g++-3.0.
gcc-14-base
libc6
libgcc-s1
(None)
(None)
systemd shared private library
This internal shared library provides common code used by various systemd
components. It is supposed to decrease memory and disk footprint.
The shared library is not meant for public use and is not API or ABI stable.
libacl1
libapparmor1
libaudit1
libblkid1
libc6
libcap2
libcrypt1
libgcrypt20
libkmod2
liblz4-1
liblzma5
libmount1
libpam0g
libseccomp2
libselinux1
libssl3t64
libzstd1
(None)
(None)
Manage ASN.1 structures (runtime)
Manage ASN1 (Abstract Syntax Notation One) structures.
The main features of this library are:
on-line ASN1 structure management that doesn't require any C code
file generation.
off-line ASN1 structure management with C code file generation
containing an array.
DER (Distinguish Encoding Rules) encoding
no limits for INTEGER and ENUMERATED values
.
This package contains runtime libraries.
libc6
(None)
(None)
get display widths of characters on the terminal
Text::CharWidth permits one to get the display widths of characters
and strings on the terminal, using wcwidth() and wcswidth() from libc.
.
It provides mbwidth(), mbswidth(), and mblen().
libc6
perl-base
perlapi-5.38.2
(None)
(None)
module to convert between character sets in Perl
The iconv() family of functions from XPG4 defines an API for converting
between character sets (e.g. UTF-8 to Latin1, EBCDIC to ASCII). They
are provided by libc6.
.
This package allows access to them from Perl via the Text::Iconv
package.
libc6
perl-base
perlapi-5.38.2
(None)
(None)
internationalized substitute of Text::Wrap
The Text::WrapI18N module is a substitution for Text::Wrap, supporting
multibyte characters such as UTF-8, EUC-JP, and GB2312, fullwidth characters
such as east Asian characters, combining characters such as diacritical marks
and Thai, and languages which don't use whitespaces between words such as
Chinese and Japanese.
.
It provides wrap().
libtext-charwidth-perl
(None)
(None)
transport-independent RPC library - common files
This package contains a port of Sun's transport-independent RPC library to
Linux. The library is intended as a replacement for the RPC code in the GNU C
library, providing among others support for RPC (and in turn, NFS) over IPv6.
.
This package contains the netconfig configuration file as well as the
associated manpage.
(None)
/etc/netconfig
(None)
transport-independent RPC library
This package contains a port of Sun's transport-independent RPC library to
Linux. The library is intended as a replacement for the RPC code in the GNU C
library, providing among others support for RPC (and in turn, NFS) over IPv6.
libc6
libgssapi-krb5-2
libtirpc-common
(None)
(None)
Unicode string library for C
The 'libunistring' library implements Unicode strings (in the UTF-8,
UTF-16, and UTF-32 encodings), together with functions for Unicode
characters (character names, classifications, properties) and
functions for string processing (formatted output, width, word
breaks, line breaks, normalization, case folding, regular
expressions).
.
This package contains the shared library.
libc6
(None)
(None)
GNOME XML library
XML is a metalanguage to let you design your own markup language.
A regular markup language defines a way to describe information in
a certain class of documents (eg HTML). XML lets you define your
own customized markup languages for many classes of document. It
can do this because it's written in SGML, the international standard
metalanguage for markup languages.
.
This package provides a library providing an extensive API to handle
such XML data files.
libc6
libicu74
liblzma5
zlib1g
(None)
(None)
netfilter xtables library
The iptables/xtables framework has been replaced by nftables. You should
consider migrating now.
.
However, even if a given system may be fully running on native nftables,
there are other reasons why libxtables might be installed. For one, nftables
itself uses it to be able to display old rulesets that were created using
xtables extensions (to help folks migrate). Other third-party software might
also be linked to this library.
.
This library being installed in the system should be harmless in any case.
.
This package contains the user-space interface to the Netfilter xtables
kernel framework.
libc6
(None)
(None)
shared library for xxhash
xxHash is an Extremely fast Hash algorithm, running at RAM speed limits.
It successfully completes the SMHasher test suite which evaluates collision,
dispersion and randomness qualities of hash functions. Code is highly portable,
and hashes are identical on all platforms (little / big endian).
.
This package contains the shared library.
libc6
(None)
(None)
Fast YAML 1.1 parser and emitter library
LibYAML is a C library for parsing and emitting data in YAML 1.1, a
human-readable data serialization format.
libc6
(None)
(None)
GNU C Library: National Language (locale) data [support]
Machine-readable data files, shared objects and programs used by the
C library for localization (l10n) and internationalization (i18n) support.
.
This package contains tools to generate locale definitions from source
files (included in this package). It allows you to customize which
definitions actually get generated. This is a space-saver over how this
package used to be, with all locales generated by default. This created
a package that unpacked to an excess of 30 megs.
debconf
libc-bin
/etc/locale.alias
/usr/sbin/locale-gen
/usr/sbin/update-locale
/usr/sbin/validlocale
Log rotation utility
The logrotate utility is designed to simplify the administration of
log files on a system which generates a lot of log files. Logrotate
allows for the automatic rotation compression, removal and mailing of
log files. Logrotate can be set to handle a log file daily, weekly,
monthly or when the log file gets to a certain size. Normally, logrotate
runs as a daily cron job.
cron
libacl1
libc6
libpopt0
libselinux1
/etc/cron.daily/logrotate
/etc/logrotate.conf
/etc/logrotate.d/btmp
/etc/logrotate.d/wtmp
/usr/sbin/logrotate
Linux Standard Base version reporting utility (minimal implementation)
The Linux Standard Base (http://www.linuxbase.org/) is a standard
core system that third-party applications written for Linux can
depend upon.
.
The lsb_release command is a simple tool to help identify the Linux
distribution being used and its compliance with the Linux Standard Base.
.
This package contains a bare-bones implementation that uses the
information in /etc/os-release instead of relying on LSB packages.
(None)
(None)
/usr/bin/lsb_release
List of standard media types and their usual file extension
This package installs the configuration file /etc/mime.types, that lists
standard media types (originally known as "MIME" types) and their usual file
extension. This provides a simple way for programs to have a first guess at a
files content. On standard Debian desktop systems, one will also find more
sophisticated tools, for instance provided by the "file" and "xdg-utils"
packages.
.
The /etc/mime.types file is compiled by hand using mostly information provided
by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA).
(None)
/etc/mime.types
(None)
Basic TCP/IP networking system
This package provides the necessary infrastructure for basic TCP/IP based
networking.
.
In particular, it supplies common name-to-number mappings in /etc/services,
/etc/rpc, /etc/protocols and /etc/ethertypes.
(None)
/etc/ethertypes
/etc/protocols
/etc/rpc
/etc/services
(None)
TCP/IP swiss army knife
A simple Unix utility which reads and writes data across network connections
using TCP or UDP protocol. It is designed to be a reliable "back-end" tool
that can be used directly or easily driven by other programs and scripts. At
the same time it is a feature-rich network debugging and exploration tool,
since it can create almost any kind of connection you would need and has
several interesting built-in capabilities.
.
This package contains the OpenBSD rewrite of netcat, including support for
IPv6, proxies, and Unix sockets.
libbsd0
libc6
(None)
/bin/nc.openbsd
Declarative network configuration systemd-generator
netplan reads YAML network configuration files which are written
by administrators, installers, cloud image instantiations, or other OS
deployments. During early boot it then generates backend specific
configuration files in /run to hand off control of devices to a particular
networking daemon.
.
Currently supported backends are networkd and NetworkManager.
.
This package provides a systemd-generator to configure networking daemons
at boot time.
libc6
libglib2.0-0t64
libnetplan1
systemd
(None)
(None)
Declarative network configuration for various backends
netplan reads YAML network configuration files which are written
by administrators, installers, cloud image instantiations, or other OS
deployments. During early boot it then generates backend specific
configuration files in /run to hand off control of devices to a particular
networking daemon.
.
Currently supported backends are networkd and NetworkManager.
iproute2
libc6
libglib2.0-0t64
libnetplan1
libsystemd0
netplan-generator
python3
python3-dbus
python3-netifaces
python3-netplan
python3-yaml
systemd
(None)
/usr/sbin/netplan
Dispatcher service for systemd-networkd connection status changes
Networkd-dispatcher is a dispatcher daemon for systemd-networkd
connection status changes. It is similar to NetworkManager-dispatcher,
but is much more limited in the types of events it supports due to the
limited nature of systemd-networkd.
dbus
gir1.2-glib-2.0
python3-dbus
python3-gi
python3:any
/etc/default/networkd-dispatcher
/usr/bin/networkd-dispatcher
Secure Sockets Layer toolkit - cryptographic utility
This package is part of the OpenSSL project's implementation of the SSL
and TLS cryptographic protocols for secure communication over the
Internet.
.
It contains the general-purpose command line binary /usr/bin/openssl,
useful for cryptographic operations such as:
creating RSA, DH, and DSA key parameters;
creating X.509 certificates, CSRs, and CRLs;
calculating message digests;
encrypting and decrypting with ciphers;
testing SSL/TLS clients and servers;
handling S/MIME signed or encrypted mail.
libc6
libssl3t64
/etc/ssl/openssl.cnf
/usr/bin/c_rehash
/usr/bin/openssl
Python interface to libapt-pkg (locales)
The apt_pkg Python interface will provide full access to the internal
libapt-pkg structures allowing Python programs to easily perform a
variety of functions.
.
This package contains locales.
(None)
(None)
(None)
interactive high-level object-oriented language (default python3 version)
Python, the high-level, interactive object oriented language,
includes an extensive class library with lots of goodies for
network programming, system administration, sounds and graphics.
.
This package is a dependency package, which depends on Debian's default
Python 3 version (currently v3.12).
libpython3-stdlib
python3-minimal
python3.12
(None)
/usr/bin/pdb3
/usr/bin/pydoc3
/usr/bin/pygettext3
Python 3 interface to libapt-pkg
The apt_pkg Python 3 interface will provide full access to the internal
libapt-pkg structures allowing Python 3 programs to easily perform a
variety of functions, such as:
.
Access to the APT configuration system
Access to the APT package information database
Parsing of Debian package control files, and other files with a
similar structure
.
The included 'aptsources' Python interface provides an abstraction of
the sources.list configuration on the repository and the distro level.
distro-info-data
libapt-pkg6.0t64
libc6
libgcc-s1
libstdc++6
python-apt-common
python3
python3:any
(None)
(None)
Foreign Function Interface for Python 3 calling C code - runtime
Convenient and reliable way of calling C code from Python 3.
.
The aim of this project is to provide a convenient and reliable way of calling
C code from Python. It keeps Python logic in Python, and minimises the C
required. It is able to work at either the C API or ABI level, unlike most
other approaches, that only support the ABI level.
.
This package contains the runtime support for pre-built cffi modules.
libc6
libffi8
python3
(None)
(None)
simple interprocess messaging system (Python 3 interface)
D-Bus is a message bus, used for sending messages between applications.
Conceptually, it fits somewhere in between raw sockets and CORBA in
terms of complexity.
.
This package provides a Python 3 interface to D-Bus.
.
See the dbus description for more information about D-Bus in general.
libc6
libdbus-1-3
libglib2.0-0t64
python3
python3:any
(None)
(None)
Python 3 bindings for gobject-introspection libraries
GObject is an abstraction layer that allows programming with an object
paradigm that is compatible with many languages. It is a part of Glib,
the core library used to build GTK+ and GNOME.
.
This package contains the Python 3 binding generator for libraries that
support gobject-introspection, i. e. which ship a gir1.2-
package. With these packages, the libraries can be used from Python 3.
gir1.2-girepository-2.0
gir1.2-glib-2.0
libc6
libffi8
libgirepository-1.0-1
libgirepository-1.0-1-with-libffi8
libglib2.0-0t64
python3
python3:any
(None)
(None)
Python port of markdown-it and some its associated plugins
High speed Python markdown parser based in markdown-it. markdown-it-py
follows the CommonMark spec for baseline parsing. Also, new syntax
rules can be added and even replace existing ones. New syntax extensions
can be added to extend the parser.
python3-mdurl
python3:any
(None)
/usr/bin/markdown-it
Python port of the JavaScript mdurl package
mdurl is a set of URL utilities for the markdown-it-py package. It
provides a pure-Python implementation of several functions from the
original JavaScript package, such as .decode(), .parse(), .encode().
python3:any
(None)
(None)
minimal subset of the Python language (default python3 version)
This package contains the interpreter and some essential modules. It's used
in the boot process for some basic tasks.
See /usr/share/doc/python3.12-minimal/README.Debian for a list of the modules
contained in this package.
dpkg
python3.12-minimal
(None)
/usr/bin/py3clean
/usr/bin/py3compile
/usr/bin/py3versions
/usr/bin/python3
portable network interface information - Python 3.x
netifaces provides a (hopefully portable-ish) way for Python programmers to
get access to a list of the network interfaces on the local machine, and to
obtain the addresses of those network interfaces.
.
This package contains the module for Python 3.x.
libc6
python3
(None)
(None)
Declarative network configuration Python bindings
netplan reads YAML network configuration files which are written
by administrators, installers, cloud image instantiations, or other OS
deployments. During early boot it then generates backend specific
configuration files in /run to hand off control of devices to a particular
networking daemon.
.
Currently supported backends are networkd and NetworkManager.
.
This package provides a CFFI based Python bindings to libnetplan.
libc6
libnetplan1
python3
python3-cffi-backend
(None)
(None)
Package Discovery and Resource Access using pkg_resources
The pkg_resources module provides an API for Python libraries to
access their resource files, and for extensible applications and
frameworks to automatically discover plugins. It also provides
runtime support for using C extensions that are inside zipfile-format
eggs, support for merging packages that have separately-distributed
modules or subpackages, and APIs for managing Pythons current
"working set" of active packages.
python3:any
(None)
(None)
syntax highlighting package written in Python 3
Pygments aims to be a generic syntax highlighter for general use in all kinds
of software such as forum systems, wikis or other applications that need to
prettify source code.
.
Highlights are:
a wide range of common languages and markup formats is supported
special attention is paid to details, increasing quality by a fair amount
support for new languages and formats are added easily
a number of output formats, presently HTML, LaTeX and ANSI sequences
it is usable as a command-line tool and as a library
python3-pkg-resources
python3:any
(None)
/usr/bin/pygmentize
render rich text, tables, progress bars, syntax highlighting, markdown and more
Rich is a Python library for rich text and beautiful formatting in the
terminal.
.
The Rich API makes it easy to add color and style to terminal output. Rich can
also render pretty tables, progress bars, markdown, syntax highlighted source
code, tracebacks, and more \xe2\x80\x94 out of the box.
.
Here's a list of the core functionalities of rich:
.
to effortlessly add rich output to your application, you can import the rich
print method, which has the same signature as the builtin Python function
Rich can be installed in the Python REPL, so that any data structures will
be pretty printed and highlighted
for more control over rich terminal content, import and construct a Console
object. The Console object has a print method which has an intentionally
similar interface to the builtin print function
to insert an emoji in to console output place the name between two colons
Rich can render flexible tables with unicode box characters. There is a
large variety of formatting options for borders, styles, cell alignment etc
Rich can render multiple flicker-free progress bars to track long-running
tasks.
Rich can render content in neat columns with equal or optimal width.
Rich can render markdown and does a reasonable job of translating the
formatting to the terminal
Rich can render beautiful tracebacks which are easier to read and show more
code than standard Python tracebacks. You can set Rich as the default
traceback handler so all uncaught exceptions will be rendered by Rich.
python3-markdown-it
python3-pygments
python3-typing-extensions
python3:any
(None)
(None)
YAML parser and emitter for Python3
Python3-yaml is a complete YAML 1.1 parser and emitter for Python3. It can
parse all examples from the specification. The parsing algorithm is simple
enough to be a reference for YAML parser implementors. A simple extension API
is also provided. The package is built using libyaml for improved speed.
libc6
libyaml-0-2
python3
python3:any
(None)
(None)
Interactive high-level object-oriented language (version 3.12)
Python is a high-level, interactive, object-oriented language. Its 3.12 version
includes an extensive class library with lots of goodies for
network programming, system administration, sounds and graphics.
libpython3.12-stdlib
media-types
python3.12-minimal
tzdata
(None)
/usr/bin/pdb3.12
/usr/bin/pydoc3.12
/usr/bin/pygettext3.12
Minimal subset of the Python language (version 3.12)
This package contains the interpreter and some essential modules. It can
be used in the boot process for some basic tasks.
See /usr/share/doc/python3.12-minimal/README.Debian for a list of the modules
contained in this package.
libc6
libexpat1
libpython3.12-minimal
zlib1g
(None)
/usr/bin/python3.12
GNU readline and history libraries, common files
The GNU readline library aids in the consistency of user interface
across discrete programs that need to provide a command line
interface.
.
The GNU history library provides a consistent user interface for
recalling lines of previously typed input.
(None)
(None)
(None)
reliable system and kernel logging daemon
Rsyslog is a multi-threaded implementation of syslogd (a system utility
providing support for message logging), with features that include:
reliable syslog over TCP, SSL/TLS and RELP
on-demand disk buffering
email alerting
writing to MySQL or PostgreSQL databases (via separate output plugins)
permitted sender lists
filtering on any part of the syslog message
on-the-wire message compression
fine-grained output format control
failover to backup destinations
enterprise-class encrypted syslog relaying
.
It is the default syslogd on Debian systems.
adduser
libc6
libestr0
libfastjson4
libsystemd0
libuuid1
libzstd1
ucf
zlib1g
/etc/apparmor.d/rsyslog.d/README
/etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.rsyslogd
/etc/logcheck/ignore.d.server/rsyslog
/etc/logrotate.d/rsyslog
/etc/rsyslog.conf
/usr/sbin/rsyslogd
FreeDesktop.org shared MIME database and spec
This is the shared MIME-info database from the X Desktop Group. It is required
by any program complying to the Shared MIME-Info Database spec, which is also
included in this package.
.
At this time at least ROX, GNOME, KDE and Xfce use this database.
libc6
libgcc-s1
libglib2.0-0t64
libstdc++6
libxml2
(None)
/usr/bin/update-mime-database
Provide limited super user privileges to specific users
Sudo is a program designed to allow a sysadmin to give limited root
privileges to users and log root activity. The basic philosophy is to give
as few privileges as possible but still allow people to get their work done.
.
This version is built with minimal shared library dependencies, use the
sudo-ldap package instead if you need LDAP support for sudoers.
libapparmor1
libaudit1
libc6
libpam-modules
libpam0g
libselinux1
libssl3
zlib1g
/etc/pam.d/sudo
/etc/pam.d/sudo
/etc/pam.d/sudo-i
/etc/pam.d/sudo-i
/etc/sudo.conf
/etc/sudo.conf
/etc/sudo_logsrvd.conf
/etc/sudo_logsrvd.conf
/etc/sudoers
/etc/sudoers
/etc/sudoers.d/README
/etc/sudoers.d/README
/usr/bin/cvtsudoers
/usr/bin/cvtsudoers
/usr/bin/sudo
/usr/bin/sudo
/usr/bin/sudoedit
/usr/bin/sudoedit
/usr/bin/sudoreplay
/usr/bin/sudoreplay
/usr/sbin/sudo_logsrvd
/usr/sbin/sudo_logsrvd
/usr/sbin/sudo_sendlog
/usr/sbin/sudo_sendlog
/usr/sbin/visudo
/usr/sbin/visudo
system and service manager
systemd is a system and service manager for Linux. It provides aggressive
parallelization capabilities, uses socket and D-Bus activation for starting
services, offers on-demand starting of daemons, keeps track of processes using
Linux control groups, maintains mount and automount points and implements an
elaborate transactional dependency-based service control logic.
.
Installing the systemd package will not switch your init system unless you
boot with init=/lib/systemd/systemd or install systemd-sysv in addition.
libacl1
libapparmor1
libaudit1
libblkid1
libc6
libcap2
libcryptsetup12
libfdisk1
libgcrypt20
libkmod2
liblz4-1
liblzma5
libmount1
libpam0g
libseccomp2
libselinux1
libssl3t64
libsystemd-shared
libsystemd0
libzstd1
mount
systemd-dev
/etc/modules-load.d/modules.conf
/etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf
/etc/systemd/journald.conf
/etc/systemd/logind.conf
/etc/systemd/networkd.conf
/etc/systemd/pstore.conf
/etc/systemd/sleep.conf
/etc/systemd/system-generators/systemd-gpt-auto-generator
/etc/systemd/system.conf
/etc/systemd/user.conf
/etc/xdg/systemd/user
/usr/bin/busctl
/usr/bin/hostnamectl
/usr/bin/journalctl
/usr/bin/kernel-install
/usr/bin/localectl
/usr/bin/loginctl
/usr/bin/networkctl
/usr/bin/systemctl
/usr/bin/systemd
/usr/bin/systemd-ac-power
/usr/bin/systemd-analyze
/usr/bin/systemd-ask-password
/usr/bin/systemd-cat
/usr/bin/systemd-cgls
/usr/bin/systemd-cgtop
/usr/bin/systemd-confext
/usr/bin/systemd-creds
/usr/bin/systemd-cryptenroll
/usr/bin/systemd-cryptsetup
/usr/bin/systemd-delta
/usr/bin/systemd-detect-virt
/usr/bin/systemd-escape
/usr/bin/systemd-firstboot
/usr/bin/systemd-id128
/usr/bin/systemd-inhibit
/usr/bin/systemd-machine-id-setup
/usr/bin/systemd-mount
/usr/bin/systemd-notify
/usr/bin/systemd-path
/usr/bin/systemd-repart
/usr/bin/systemd-run
/usr/bin/systemd-socket-activate
/usr/bin/systemd-stdio-bridge
/usr/bin/systemd-sysext
/usr/bin/systemd-sysusers
/usr/bin/systemd-sysusers
/usr/bin/systemd-tmpfiles
/usr/bin/systemd-tmpfiles
/usr/bin/systemd-tty-ask-password-agent
/usr/bin/systemd-umount
/usr/bin/timedatectl
/usr/bin/varlinkctl
systemd development files
This package contains the systemd and udev pkg-config files. Note that these
are different from the libsystemd's and libudev's pkg-config files, which can
still be found in the respective dev packages, but instead provide data such as
the installation directories for units, and more.
(None)
(None)
(None)
udev rules for hardware enablement (HWE)
systemd-hwe-hwdb contains hwdb rules for HWE on Ubuntu,
which are not yet present in systemd.
udev
(None)
(None)
systemd DNS resolver
This package provides systemd's DNS resolver and the command line tool to
manage it.
.
Installing this package automatically overwrites /etc/resolv.conf and switches
it to be managed by systemd-resolved.
default-dbus-system-bus
libc6
libssl3t64
libsystemd-shared
systemd
/etc/systemd/resolved.conf
/usr/bin/resolvectl
/usr/sbin/resolvconf
system and service manager - SysV compatibility symlinks
This package provides manual pages and compatibility symlinks needed for
systemd to replace sysvinit.
.
Installing systemd-sysv will overwrite /sbin/init with a symlink to systemd.
systemd
(None)
/usr/sbin/halt
/usr/sbin/init
/usr/sbin/poweroff
/usr/sbin/reboot
/usr/sbin/runlevel
/usr/sbin/shutdown
/usr/sbin/telinit
minimalistic service to synchronize local time with NTP servers
The package contains the systemd-timesyncd system service that may be used to
synchronize the local system clock with a remote Network Time Protocol server.
libc6
libsystemd-shared
systemd
/etc/dhcp/dhclient-exit-hooks.d/timesyncd
/etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf
(None)
time zone and daylight-saving time data
This package contains data required for the implementation of
standard local time for many representative locations around the
globe. It is updated periodically to reflect changes made by
political bodies to time zone boundaries, UTC offsets, and
daylight-saving rules.
debconf
(None)
(None)
GnuPG keys of the Ubuntu archive
The Ubuntu project digitally signs its Release files. This package
contains the archive keys used for that.
(None)
/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/ubuntu-keyring-2012-cdimage.gpg
/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/ubuntu-keyring-2018-archive.gpg
(None)
Minimal core of Ubuntu
This package depends on all of the packages in the Ubuntu minimal system,
that is a functional command-line system with the following capabilities:
.
Boot
Detect hardware
Connect to a network
Install packages
Perform basic diagnostics
.
It is also used to help ensure proper upgrades, so it is recommended that
it not be removed.
adduser
apt
apt-utils
console-setup
debconf
debconf-i18n
dhcpcd-base
e2fsprogs
eject
init
iproute2
iputils-ping
kbd
kmod
less
locales
lsb-release
mawk
mount
netbase
netcat-openbsd
netplan.io
passwd
procps
python3
sensible-utils
sudo
tzdata
ubuntu-keyring
ubuntu-pro-client
udev
vim-tiny
whiptail
(None)
(None)
Management tools for Ubuntu Pro
Ubuntu Pro is a suite of additional services provided by Canonical on
top of Ubuntu. Whether you're an enterprise customer deploying systems
at scale or want security patching for your personal Ubuntu LTS
at home, the Ubuntu Pro Client (pro) is the command-line tool that
will help you manage the services you need.
distro-info
libapt-pkg6.0t64
libc6
libgcc-s1
libjson-c5
libstdc++6
python3-apt
python3-pkg-resources
python3-yaml
python3:any
/etc/apparmor.d/ubuntu_pro_apt_news
/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20apt-esm-hook.conf
/etc/apt/preferences.d/ubuntu-pro-esm-apps
/etc/apt/preferences.d/ubuntu-pro-esm-infra
/etc/logrotate.d/ubuntu-pro-client
/etc/ubuntu-advantage/uaclient.conf
/etc/update-manager/release-upgrades.d/ubuntu-advantage-upgrades.cfg
/etc/update-motd.d/91-contract-ua-esm-status
/usr/bin/pro
/usr/bin/ua
/usr/bin/ubuntu-advantage
Translations for Ubuntu Pro Client
This package delivers translations of Ubuntu Pro Client for various
languages.
ubuntu-pro-client
(None)
(None)
Update Configuration File(s): preserve user changes to config files
Debian policy mandates that user changes to configuration files must be
preserved during package upgrades. The easy way to achieve this behavior
is to make the configuration file a 'conffile', in which case dpkg
handles the file specially during upgrades, prompting the user as
needed.
.
This is appropriate only if it is possible to distribute a default
version that will work for most installations, although some system
administrators may choose to modify it. This implies that the
default version will be part of the package distribution, and must
not be modified by the maintainer scripts during installation (or at
any other time).
.
This script attempts to provide conffile-like handling for files that
may not be labelled conffiles, and are not shipped in a Debian package,
but handled by the postinst instead. This script allows one to
maintain files in /etc, preserving user changes and in general
offering the same facilities while upgrading that dpkg normally
provides for 'conffiles'.
.
Additionally, this script provides facilities for transitioning a
file that had not been provided with conffile-like protection to come
under this schema, and attempts to minimize questions asked at
installation time. Indeed, the transitioning facility is better than the
one offered by dpkg while transitioning a file from a non-conffile to
conffile status.
debconf
sensible-utils
/etc/ucf.conf
/usr/bin/lcf
/usr/bin/ucf
/usr/bin/ucfq
/usr/bin/ucfr
/dev/ and hotplug management daemon
udev is a daemon which dynamically creates and removes device nodes from
/dev/, handles hotplug events and loads drivers at boot time.
libacl1
libblkid1
libc6
libcap2
libkmod2
libselinux1
libudev1
systemd
systemd-dev
/etc/udev/iocost.conf
/etc/udev/udev.conf
/usr/bin/systemd-hwdb
/usr/bin/udevadm
Vi IMproved - Common files
Vim is an almost compatible version of the UNIX editor Vi.
.
This package contains files shared by all non GUI-enabled vim variants
available in Debian. Examples of such shared files are: manpages and
configuration files.
(None)
/etc/vim/vimrc
/usr/bin/helpztags
Vi IMproved - enhanced vi editor - compact version
Vim is an almost compatible version of the UNIX editor Vi.
.
This package contains a minimal version of Vim compiled with no GUI and
a small subset of features. This package's sole purpose is to provide
the vi binary for base installations.
.
If a vim binary is wanted, try one of the following more featureful
packages: vim, vim-nox, vim-motif, or vim-gtk3.
libacl1
libc6
libselinux1
libtinfo6
vim-common
/etc/vim/vimrc.tiny
/usr/bin/vim.tiny
Displays user-friendly dialog boxes from shell scripts
Whiptail is a "dialog" replacement using newt instead of ncurses. It
provides a method of displaying several different types of dialog boxes
from shell scripts. This allows a developer of a script to interact with
the user in a much friendlier manner.
libc6
libnewt0.52
libpopt0
libslang2
(None)
/usr/bin/whiptail
tool to manage well known user directories
xdg-user-dirs is a tool to help manage "well known" user directories
like the desktop folder and the music folder. It also handles
localization (i.e. translation) of the filenames.
.
The way it works is that xdg-user-dirs-update is run very early in the
login phase. This program reads a configuration file, and a set of
default directories. It then creates localized versions of these
directories in the users home directory and sets up a config file in
$(XDG_CONFIG_HOME)/user-dirs.dirs (XDG_CONFIG_HOME defaults to
~/.config) that applications can read to find these directories.
libc6
/etc/xdg/autostart/xdg-user-dirs.desktop
/etc/xdg/user-dirs.conf
/etc/xdg/user-dirs.defaults
/usr/bin/xdg-user-dir
/usr/bin/xdg-user-dirs-update
X Keyboard Extension (XKB) configuration data
This package contains configuration data used by the X Keyboard
Extension (XKB), which allows selection of keyboard layouts when
using a graphical interface.
.
Every X11 vendor provides its own XKB data files, so keyboard layout
designers have to send their layouts to several places. The
xkeyboard-config project has been launched at FreeDesktop in order
to provide a central repository that could be used by all vendors.
(None)
(None)
(None)
tool to make (or reverse) a hex dump
xxd creates a hex dump of a given file or standard input. It can also convert
a hex dump back to its original binary form.
libc6
(None)
/usr/bin/xxd
These are the standard packages. They are normally expected in Debian installations.
At my last check, the following packages are marked as standard:
apparmor: user-space parser utility for AppArmor
bash-completion: programmable completion for the bash shell
bind9-dnsutils: Clients provided with BIND 9
bind9-host: DNS Lookup Utility
bind9-libs: Shared Libraries used by BIND 9
bsdextrautils: extra utilities from 4.4BSD-Lite
busybox-static: Standalone rescue shell with tons of builtin utilities
command-not-found: Suggest installation of packages in interactive bash sessions
cpio: GNU cpio -- a program to manage archives of files
cron: process scheduling daemon
cron-daemon-common: process scheduling daemon's configuration files
dmidecode: SMBIOS/DMI table decoder
dosfstools: utilities for making and checking MS-DOS FAT filesystems
ed: classic UNIX line editor
file: Recognize the type of data in a file using "magic" numbers
friendly-recovery: Make recovery boot mode more user-friendly
ftp: dummy transitional package for tnftp
fuse3: Filesystem in Userspace (3.x version)
gettext-base: GNU Internationalization utilities for the base system
groff-base: GNU troff text-formatting system (base system components)
hdparm: tune hard disk parameters for high performance
inetutils-telnet: telnet client
info: Standalone GNU Info documentation browser
install-info: Manage installed documentation in info format
iptables: administration tools for packet filtering and NAT
iputils-tracepath: Tools to trace the network path to a remote host
libcbor0.10: library for parsing and generating CBOR (RFC 7049)
libdrm-common: Userspace interface to kernel DRM services -- common files
libdrm2: Userspace interface to kernel DRM services -- runtime
libedit2: BSD editline and history libraries
libfido2-1: library for generating and verifying FIDO 2.0 objects
libfuse3-3: Filesystem in Userspace (library) (3.x version)
libgdbm6t64: GNU dbm database routines (runtime version)
libgpm2: General Purpose Mouse - shared library
libip4tc2: netfilter libip4tc library
libip6tc2: netfilter libip6tc library
libjansson4: C library for encoding, decoding and manipulating JSON data
liblmdb0: Lightning Memory-Mapped Database shared library
libmagic-mgc: File type determination library using "magic" numbers (compiled magic file)
libmaxminddb0: IP geolocation database library
libncurses6: shared libraries for terminal handling
libnetfilter-conntrack3: Netfilter netlink-conntrack library
libnfnetlink0: Netfilter netlink library
libnftables1: Netfilter nftables high level userspace API library
libnftnl11: Netfilter nftables userspace API library
libnghttp2-14: library implementing HTTP/2 protocol (shared library)
libnss-systemd: nss module providing dynamic user and group name resolution
libntfs-3g89t64: read/write NTFS driver for FUSE (runtime library)
libnuma1: Libraries for controlling NUMA policy
libpam-systemd: system and service manager - PAM module
libparted2t64: disk partition manipulator - shared library
libpci3: PCI utilities (shared library)
libpipeline1: Unix process pipeline manipulation library
libplymouth5: graphical boot animation and logger - shared libraries
libpng16-16t64: PNG library - runtime (version 1.6)
libpsl5t64: Library for Public Suffix List (shared libraries)
libuchardet0: universal charset detection library - shared library
libusb-1.0-0: userspace USB programming library
libuv1t64: asynchronous event notification library - runtime library
libx11-6: X11 client-side library
libx11-data: X11 client-side library
libxau6: X11 authorisation library
libxcb1: X C Binding
libxdmcp6: X11 Display Manager Control Protocol library
libxext6: X11 miscellaneous extension library
libxmuu1: X11 miscellaneous micro-utility library
lshw: information about hardware configuration
lsof: utility to list open files
man-db: tools for reading manual pages
manpages: Manual pages about using a GNU/Linux system
mtr-tiny: Full screen ncurses traceroute tool
nano: small, friendly text editor inspired by Pico
nftables: Program to control packet filtering rules by Netfilter project
ntfs-3g: read/write NTFS driver for FUSE
openssh-client: secure shell (SSH) client, for secure access to remote machines
parted: disk partition manipulator
pci.ids: PCI ID Repository
pciutils: PCI utilities
perl: Larry Wall's Practical Extraction and Report Language
plymouth: boot animation, logger and I/O multiplexer
plymouth-theme-ubuntu-text: boot animation, logger and I/O multiplexer - ubuntu text theme
powermgmt-base: common utils for power management
psmisc: utilities that use the proc file system
publicsuffix: accurate, machine-readable list of domain name suffixes
python3-commandnotfound: Python 3 bindings for command-not-found.
python3-distro-info: information about distributions' releases (Python 3 module)
python3-distupgrade: manage release upgrades
python3-gdbm: GNU dbm database support for Python 3.x
python3-update-manager: Python 3.x module for update-manager
rsync: fast, versatile, remote (and local) file-copying tool
strace: System call tracer
systemd-timesyncd: minimalistic service to synchronize local time with NTP servers
tcpdump: command-line network traffic analyzer
telnet: transitional dummy package for inetutils-telnet default switch
time: GNU time program for measuring CPU resource usage
tnftp: enhanced ftp client
ubuntu-advantage-tools: transitional dummy package for ubuntu-pro-client
ubuntu-release-upgrader-core: manage release upgrades
ubuntu-standard: Ubuntu standard system
ufw: program for managing a Netfilter firewall
update-manager-core: manage release upgrades
usb.ids: USB ID Repository
usbutils: Linux USB utilities
uuid-runtime: runtime components for the Universally Unique ID library
wget: retrieves files from the web
xauth: X authentication utility
xz-utils: XZ-format compression utilities
user-space parser utility for AppArmor
apparmor provides the system initialization scripts needed to use the
AppArmor Mandatory Access Control system, including the AppArmor Parser
which is required to convert AppArmor text profiles into machine-readable
policies that are loaded into the kernel for use with the AppArmor Linux
Security Module.
debconf
libc6
lsb-base
/etc/apparmor.d/1password
/etc/apparmor.d/Discord
/etc/apparmor.d/MongoDB_Compass
/etc/apparmor.d/QtWebEngineProcess
/etc/apparmor.d/abi/3.0
/etc/apparmor.d/abi/4.0
/etc/apparmor.d/abi/kernel-5.4-outoftree-network
/etc/apparmor.d/abi/kernel-5.4-vanilla
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/X
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/apache2-common
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/apparmor_api/change_profile
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/apparmor_api/examine
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/apparmor_api/find_mountpoint
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/apparmor_api/introspect
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/apparmor_api/is_enabled
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/aspell
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/audio
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/authentication
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/base
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/bash
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/consoles
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/crypto
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/cups-client
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/dbus
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/dbus-accessibility
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/dbus-accessibility-strict
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/dbus-network-manager-strict
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/dbus-session
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/dbus-session-strict
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/dbus-strict
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/dconf
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/dovecot-common
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/dri-common
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/dri-enumerate
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/enchant
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/exo-open
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/fcitx
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/fcitx-strict
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/fonts
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/freedesktop.org
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/gio-open
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/gnome
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/gnupg
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/groff
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/gtk
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/gvfs-open
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/hosts_access
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/ibus
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/kde
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/kde-globals-write
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/kde-icon-cache-write
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/kde-language-write
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/kde-open5
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/kerberosclient
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/ldapclient
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/libpam-systemd
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/likewise
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/mdns
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/mesa
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/mir
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/mozc
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/mysql
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/nameservice
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/nis
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/nss-systemd
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/nvidia
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/opencl
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/opencl-common
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/opencl-intel
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/opencl-mesa
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/opencl-nvidia
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/opencl-pocl
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/openssl
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/orbit2
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/p11-kit
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/perl
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/php
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/php-worker
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/php5
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/postfix-common
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/private-files
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/private-files-strict
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/python
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/qt5
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/qt5-compose-cache-write
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/qt5-settings-write
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/recent-documents-write
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/ruby
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/samba
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/samba-rpcd
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/smbpass
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/snap_browsers
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/ssl_certs
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/ssl_keys
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/svn-repositories
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/trash
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/ubuntu-bittorrent-clients
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/ubuntu-browsers
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/ubuntu-browsers.d/chromium-browser
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/ubuntu-browsers.d/java
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/ubuntu-browsers.d/kde
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/ubuntu-browsers.d/mailto
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/ubuntu-browsers.d/multimedia
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/ubuntu-browsers.d/plugins-common
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/ubuntu-browsers.d/productivity
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/ubuntu-browsers.d/text-editors
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/ubuntu-browsers.d/ubuntu-integration
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/ubuntu-browsers.d/ubuntu-integration-xul
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/ubuntu-browsers.d/user-files
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/ubuntu-console-browsers
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/ubuntu-console-email
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/ubuntu-email
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/ubuntu-feed-readers
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/ubuntu-gnome-terminal
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/ubuntu-helpers
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/ubuntu-konsole
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/ubuntu-media-players
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/ubuntu-unity7-base
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/ubuntu-unity7-launcher
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/ubuntu-unity7-messaging
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/ubuntu-xterm
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/user-download
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/user-mail
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/user-manpages
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/user-tmp
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/user-write
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/video
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/vulkan
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/wayland
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/web-data
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/winbind
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/wutmp
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/xad
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/xdg-desktop
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/xdg-open
/etc/apparmor.d/brave
/etc/apparmor.d/buildah
/etc/apparmor.d/busybox
/etc/apparmor.d/cam
/etc/apparmor.d/ch-checkns
/etc/apparmor.d/ch-run
/etc/apparmor.d/chrome
/etc/apparmor.d/code
/etc/apparmor.d/crun
/etc/apparmor.d/devhelp
/etc/apparmor.d/element-desktop
/etc/apparmor.d/epiphany
/etc/apparmor.d/evolution
/etc/apparmor.d/firefox
/etc/apparmor.d/flatpak
/etc/apparmor.d/geary
/etc/apparmor.d/github-desktop
/etc/apparmor.d/goldendict
/etc/apparmor.d/ipa_verify
/etc/apparmor.d/kchmviewer
/etc/apparmor.d/keybase
/etc/apparmor.d/lc-compliance
/etc/apparmor.d/libcamerify
/etc/apparmor.d/linux-sandbox
/etc/apparmor.d/local/README
/etc/apparmor.d/loupe
/etc/apparmor.d/lsb_release
/etc/apparmor.d/lxc-attach
/etc/apparmor.d/lxc-create
/etc/apparmor.d/lxc-destroy
/etc/apparmor.d/lxc-execute
/etc/apparmor.d/lxc-stop
/etc/apparmor.d/lxc-unshare
/etc/apparmor.d/lxc-usernsexec
/etc/apparmor.d/mmdebstrap
/etc/apparmor.d/msedge
/etc/apparmor.d/nautilus
/etc/apparmor.d/notepadqq
/etc/apparmor.d/nvidia_modprobe
/etc/apparmor.d/obsidian
/etc/apparmor.d/opam
/etc/apparmor.d/opera
/etc/apparmor.d/pageedit
/etc/apparmor.d/plasmashell
/etc/apparmor.d/podman
/etc/apparmor.d/polypane
/etc/apparmor.d/privacybrowser
/etc/apparmor.d/qcam
/etc/apparmor.d/qmapshack
/etc/apparmor.d/qutebrowser
/etc/apparmor.d/rootlesskit
/etc/apparmor.d/rpm
/etc/apparmor.d/rssguard
/etc/apparmor.d/runc
/etc/apparmor.d/sbuild
/etc/apparmor.d/sbuild-abort
/etc/apparmor.d/sbuild-adduser
/etc/apparmor.d/sbuild-apt
/etc/apparmor.d/sbuild-checkpackages
/etc/apparmor.d/sbuild-clean
/etc/apparmor.d/sbuild-createchroot
/etc/apparmor.d/sbuild-destroychroot
/etc/apparmor.d/sbuild-distupgrade
/etc/apparmor.d/sbuild-hold
/etc/apparmor.d/sbuild-shell
/etc/apparmor.d/sbuild-unhold
/etc/apparmor.d/sbuild-update
/etc/apparmor.d/sbuild-upgrade
/etc/apparmor.d/scide
/etc/apparmor.d/signal-desktop
/etc/apparmor.d/slack
/etc/apparmor.d/slirp4netns
/etc/apparmor.d/steam
/etc/apparmor.d/stress-ng
/etc/apparmor.d/surfshark
/etc/apparmor.d/systemd-coredump
/etc/apparmor.d/thunderbird
/etc/apparmor.d/toybox
/etc/apparmor.d/trinity
/etc/apparmor.d/tunables/alias
/etc/apparmor.d/tunables/apparmorfs
/etc/apparmor.d/tunables/dovecot
/etc/apparmor.d/tunables/etc
/etc/apparmor.d/tunables/global
/etc/apparmor.d/tunables/home
/etc/apparmor.d/tunables/home.d/site.local
/etc/apparmor.d/tunables/kernelvars
/etc/apparmor.d/tunables/multiarch
/etc/apparmor.d/tunables/multiarch.d/site.local
/etc/apparmor.d/tunables/proc
/etc/apparmor.d/tunables/run
/etc/apparmor.d/tunables/securityfs
/etc/apparmor.d/tunables/share
/etc/apparmor.d/tunables/sys
/etc/apparmor.d/tunables/xdg-user-dirs
/etc/apparmor.d/tup
/etc/apparmor.d/tuxedo-control-center
/etc/apparmor.d/unix-chkpwd
/etc/apparmor.d/unprivileged_userns
/etc/apparmor.d/userbindmount
/etc/apparmor.d/uwsgi-core
/etc/apparmor.d/vdens
/etc/apparmor.d/virtiofsd
/etc/apparmor.d/vivaldi-bin
/etc/apparmor.d/vpnns
/etc/apparmor.d/wpcom
/etc/apparmor/parser.conf
/etc/init.d/apparmor
/sbin/apparmor_parser
/usr/bin/aa-enabled
/usr/bin/aa-exec
/usr/bin/aa-features-abi
/usr/sbin/aa-load
/usr/sbin/aa-remove-unknown
/usr/sbin/aa-status
/usr/sbin/aa-teardown
/usr/sbin/apparmor_status
programmable completion for the bash shell
bash completion extends bash's standard completion behavior to achieve
complex command lines with just a few keystrokes. This project was
conceived to produce programmable completion routines for the most
common Linux/UNIX commands, reducing the amount of typing sysadmins
and programmers need to do on a daily basis.
(None)
/etc/bash_completion
/etc/profile.d/bash_completion.sh
/usr/bin/dh_bash-completion
Clients provided with BIND 9
The Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND 9) implements an Internet domain
name server. BIND 9 is the most widely-used name server software on the
Internet, and is supported by the Internet Software Consortium, www.isc.org.
.
This package delivers various client programs related to DNS that are
derived from the BIND 9 source tree.
.
dig - query the DNS in various ways
nslookup - the older way to do it
nsupdate - perform dynamic updates (See RFC2136)
bind9-host
bind9-libs
libc6
libedit2
libidn2-0
libkrb5-3
(None)
/usr/bin/delv
/usr/bin/dig
/usr/bin/mdig
/usr/bin/nslookup
/usr/bin/nsupdate
DNS Lookup Utility
This package provides the 'host' DNS lookup utility in the form that
is bundled with the BIND 9 sources.
bind9-libs
libc6
libidn2-0
(None)
/usr/bin/host
Shared Libraries used by BIND 9
The Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND 9) implements an Internet domain
name server. BIND 9 is the most widely-used name server software on the
Internet, and is supported by the Internet Software Consortium, www.isc.org.
.
This package contains a bundle of shared libraries used by BIND 9.
libc6
libgssapi-krb5-2
libjson-c5
libkrb5-3
liblmdb0
libmaxminddb0
libnghttp2-14
libssl3
libuv1
libuv1t64
libxml2
zlib1g
(None)
(None)
extra utilities from 4.4BSD-Lite
This package contains some extra BSD utilities: col, colcrt, colrm, column,
hd, hexdump, look, ul and write.
Other BSD utilities are provided by bsdutils and calendar.
libc6
libsmartcols1
libtinfo6
(None)
/usr/bin/col
/usr/bin/colcrt
/usr/bin/colrm
/usr/bin/column
/usr/bin/hd
/usr/bin/hexdump
/usr/bin/look
/usr/bin/ul
/usr/bin/write
Standalone rescue shell with tons of builtin utilities
BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common UNIX utilities into a single
small executable. It provides minimalist replacements for the most common
utilities you would usually find on your desktop system (i.e., ls, cp, mv,
mount, tar, etc.). The utilities in BusyBox generally have fewer options than
their full-featured GNU cousins; however, the options that are included
provide the expected functionality and behave very much like their GNU
counterparts.
.
busybox-static provides you with a statically linked simple stand alone shell
that provides all the utilities available in BusyBox. This package is
intended to be used as a rescue shell, in the event that you screw up your
system. Invoke "busybox sh" and you have a standalone shell ready to save
your system from certain destruction. Invoke "busybox", and it will list the
available builtin commands.
(None)
(None)
/bin/static-sh
/usr/bin/busybox
Suggest installation of packages in interactive bash sessions
This package will install a handler for command_not_found that looks up
programs not currently installed but available from the repositories.
python3-commandnotfound
/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50command-not-found
/etc/zsh_command_not_found
(None)
GNU cpio -- a program to manage archives of files
GNU cpio is a tool for creating and extracting archives, or copying
files from one place to another. It handles a number of cpio formats
as well as reading and writing tar files.
libc6
(None)
/usr/bin/cpio
/usr/bin/mt-gnu
process scheduling daemon
The cron daemon is a background process that runs particular programs at
particular times (for example, every minute, day, week, or month), as
specified in a crontab. By default, users may also create crontabs of
their own so that processes are run on their behalf.
.
Output from the commands is usually mailed to the system administrator
(or to the user in question); you should probably install a mail system
as well so that you can receive these messages.
.
This cron package does not provide any system maintenance tasks. Basic
periodic maintenance tasks are provided by other packages, such
as checksecurity.
cron-daemon-common
init-system-helpers
libc6
libpam-runtime
libpam0g
libselinux1
sensible-utils
/etc/default/cron
/etc/init.d/cron
/etc/pam.d/cron
/etc/supercat/spcrc-crontab
/etc/supercat/spcrc-crontab-light
/usr/bin/crontab
/usr/bin/crontab
/usr/bin/crontab
/usr/bin/crontab
/usr/sbin/cron
process scheduling daemon's configuration files
The cron daemon is a background process that runs particular programs at
particular times (for example, every minute, day, week, or month), as
specified in a crontab. By default, users may also create crontabs of
their own so that processes are run on their behalf.
.
This package provides configuration files which must be there to
define scheduled process sets.
adduser
systemd
/etc/cron.d/.placeholder
/etc/cron.daily/.placeholder
/etc/cron.hourly/.placeholder
/etc/cron.monthly/.placeholder
/etc/cron.weekly/.placeholder
/etc/cron.yearly/.placeholder
/etc/crontab
(None)
SMBIOS/DMI table decoder
Dmidecode reports information about the system's hardware as described in the
system BIOS according to the SMBIOS/DMI standard.
.
This information typically includes system manufacturer, model name, serial
number, BIOS version, asset tag as well as a lot of other details of varying
level of interest and reliability depending on the manufacturer. This will
often include usage status for the CPU sockets, expansion slots (e.g. AGP, PCI,
ISA) and memory module slots, and the list of I/O ports (e.g. serial, parallel,
USB).
.
Beware that DMI data have proven to be too unreliable to be blindly trusted.
Dmidecode does not scan the hardware, it only reports what the BIOS told it to.
libc6
(None)
/usr/sbin/biosdecode
/usr/sbin/dmidecode
/usr/sbin/ownership
/usr/sbin/vpddecode
utilities for making and checking MS-DOS FAT filesystems
The dosfstools package includes the mkfs.fat and fsck.fat utilities, which
respectively make and check MS-DOS FAT filesystems.
libc6
(None)
/usr/sbin/dosfsck
/usr/sbin/dosfslabel
/usr/sbin/fatlabel
/usr/sbin/fsck.fat
/usr/sbin/fsck.msdos
/usr/sbin/fsck.vfat
/usr/sbin/mkdosfs
/usr/sbin/mkfs.fat
/usr/sbin/mkfs.msdos
/usr/sbin/mkfs.vfat
classic UNIX line editor
ed is a line-oriented text editor. It is used to
create, display, modify and otherwise manipulate text
files.
.
red is a restricted ed: it can only edit files in the
current directory and cannot execute shell commands.
libc6
(None)
/bin/ed
/bin/red
Recognize the type of data in a file using "magic" numbers
The file command is "a file type guesser", a command-line tool that
tells you in words what kind of data a file contains.
.
This package contains the file program itself.
libc6
libmagic1t64
(None)
/usr/bin/file
Make recovery boot mode more user-friendly
Make the recovery boot mode more user-friendly by providing a menu
with pluggable options.
systemd-sysv
whiptail
(None)
(None)
dummy transitional package for tnftp
This is a dummy transitional package transitioning ftp to tnftp.
tnftp
(None)
(None)
Filesystem in Userspace (3.x version)
Filesystem in Userspace (FUSE) is a simple interface for userspace programs to
export a virtual filesystem to the Linux kernel. It also aims to provide a
secure method for non privileged users to create and mount their own filesystem
implementations.
adduser
libc6
libfuse3-3
mount
sed
/etc/fuse.conf
/bin/fusermount
/bin/fusermount3
/sbin/mount.fuse
/sbin/mount.fuse3
GNU Internationalization utilities for the base system
This package includes the gettext and ngettext programs which allow
other packages to internationalize the messages given by shell scripts.
libc6
(None)
/usr/bin/envsubst
/usr/bin/gettext
/usr/bin/gettext.sh
/usr/bin/ngettext
GNU troff text-formatting system (base system components)
This package contains the traditional UN*X text formatting tools
troff, nroff, tbl, eqn, and pic. These utilities, together with the
man-db package, are essential for displaying the on-line manual pages.
.
groff-base is a stripped-down package containing the necessary components
to read manual pages in ASCII, Latin-1, and UTF-8, plus the PostScript
device (groff's default). Users who want a full groff installation, with
the standard set of devices, fonts, macros, and documentation, should
install the groff package.
libc6
libgcc-s1
libstdc++6
libuchardet0
/etc/groff/man.local
/etc/groff/mdoc.local
/usr/bin/eqn
/usr/bin/geqn
/usr/bin/gpic
/usr/bin/groff
/usr/bin/grog
/usr/bin/grops
/usr/bin/grotty
/usr/bin/gtbl
/usr/bin/neqn
/usr/bin/nroff
/usr/bin/pic
/usr/bin/preconv
/usr/bin/soelim
/usr/bin/tbl
/usr/bin/troff
tune hard disk parameters for high performance
Get/set device parameters for Linux SATA/IDE drives.
Provides a command line interface to various kernel interfaces supported by
the Linux SATA/PATA/SAS "libata" subsystem and the older IDE driver subsystem.
Many newer (2008 and later) USB drive enclosures now also support "SAT"
(SCSI-ATA Command Translation) and therefore may also work with hdparm.
libc6
lsb-base
/etc/hdparm.conf
/sbin/hdparm
telnet client
The telnet command is used for interactive communication with another host
using the TELNET protocol.
.
This implementation supports Kerberos, for authentication and encryption.
libc6
libcom-err2
libk5crypto3
libkrb5-3
libtinfo6
netbase
(None)
/usr/bin/inetutils-telnet
Standalone GNU Info documentation browser
The Info file format is an easily-parsable representation for online
documents. This program allows you to view Info documents, like the
ones stored in /usr/share/info.
.
Much of the software in Debian comes with its online documentation in
the form of Info files, so it is most likely you will want to install it.
install-info
libc6
libtinfo6
(None)
/usr/bin/info
Manage installed documentation in info format
The install-info utility creates the index of all installed documentation
in info format and makes it available to info readers.
libc6
(None)
/usr/bin/ginstall-info
/usr/bin/install-info
/usr/sbin/update-info-dir
administration tools for packet filtering and NAT
The iptables/xtables framework has been replaced by nftables. You should
consider migrating now.
.
iptables is the userspace command line program used to configure
the Linux packet filtering and NAT ruleset. It is targeted towards systems
and networks administrators.
.
This package contains several different utilities, the most important ones:
.
iptables-nft, iptables-nft-save, iptables-nft-restore (nft-based version)
.
iptables-legacy, iptables-legacy-save, iptables-legacy-restore (legacy version)
.
ip6tables-nft, ip6tables-nft-save, ip6tables-nft-restore (nft-based version)
.
ip6tables-legacy, ip6tables-legacy-save, ip6tables-legacy-restore (legacy
version)
.
arptables-nft, arptables-nft-save, arptables-nft-restore (nft-based version)
.
ebtables-nft, ebtables-nft-save, ebtables-nft-restore (nft-based version)
libc6
libip4tc2
libip6tc2
libmnl0
libnetfilter-conntrack3
libnfnetlink0
libnftnl11
libxtables12
netbase
(None)
/usr/bin/iptables-xml
/usr/sbin/arptables-nft
/usr/sbin/arptables-nft-restore
/usr/sbin/arptables-nft-save
/usr/sbin/ebtables-nft
/usr/sbin/ebtables-nft-restore
/usr/sbin/ebtables-nft-save
/usr/sbin/ebtables-translate
/usr/sbin/ip6tables-apply
/usr/sbin/ip6tables-legacy
/usr/sbin/ip6tables-legacy-restore
/usr/sbin/ip6tables-legacy-save
/usr/sbin/ip6tables-nft
/usr/sbin/ip6tables-nft-restore
/usr/sbin/ip6tables-nft-save
/usr/sbin/ip6tables-restore-translate
/usr/sbin/ip6tables-translate
/usr/sbin/iptables-apply
/usr/sbin/iptables-legacy
/usr/sbin/iptables-legacy-restore
/usr/sbin/iptables-legacy-save
/usr/sbin/iptables-nft
/usr/sbin/iptables-nft-restore
/usr/sbin/iptables-nft-save
/usr/sbin/iptables-restore-translate
/usr/sbin/iptables-translate
/usr/sbin/nfnl_osf
/usr/sbin/xtables-legacy-multi
/usr/sbin/xtables-monitor
/usr/sbin/xtables-nft-multi
Tools to trace the network path to a remote host
The tracepath utility is similar to the traceroute utility, but also
attempts to discover the MTU of the path. Supports IPv4 and IPv6.
libc6
(None)
/usr/bin/tracepath
library for parsing and generating CBOR (RFC 7049)
CBOR is a general-purpose schema-less binary data format, defined in
RFC 7049. This package provides a C library for parsing and generating
CBOR. The main features are:
.
Complete RFC conformance
Robust C99 implementation
Layered architecture offers both control and convenience
Flexible memory management
No shared global state - threading friendly
Proper handling of UTF-8
Full support for streams & incremental processing
Extensive documentation and test suite
No runtime dependencies, small footprint
.
This package contains the runtime library.
libc6
(None)
(None)
Userspace interface to kernel DRM services -- common files
This library implements the userspace interface to the kernel DRM
services. DRM stands for "Direct Rendering Manager", which is the
kernelspace portion of the "Direct Rendering Infrastructure" (DRI).
The DRI is currently used on Linux to provide hardware-accelerated
OpenGL drivers.
.
This package provides common files for libdrm.
(None)
(None)
(None)
Userspace interface to kernel DRM services -- runtime
This library implements the userspace interface to the kernel DRM
services. DRM stands for "Direct Rendering Manager", which is the
kernelspace portion of the "Direct Rendering Infrastructure" (DRI).
The DRI is currently used on Linux to provide hardware-accelerated
OpenGL drivers.
.
This package provides the runtime environment for libdrm.
libc6
libdrm-common
(None)
(None)
BSD editline and history libraries
Command line editor library provides generic line editing,
history, and tokenization functions.
.
It slightly resembles GNU readline.
libbsd0
libc6
libtinfo6
(None)
(None)
library for generating and verifying FIDO 2.0 objects
A library for communicating with a FIDO device over USB or NFC, and for
verifying attestation and assertion signatures. FIDO U2F (CTAP 1) and FIDO
2.0 (CTAP 2) are supported.
.
This package contains the library.
libc6
libcbor0.10
libssl3
libudev1
zlib1g
(None)
(None)
Filesystem in Userspace (library) (3.x version)
Filesystem in Userspace (FUSE) is a simple interface for userspace programs to
export a virtual filesystem to the Linux kernel. It also aims to provide a
secure method for non privileged users to create and mount their own filesystem
implementations.
.
This package contains the shared library.
libc6
(None)
(None)
GNU dbm database routines (runtime version)
GNU dbm ('gdbm') is a library of database functions that use extendible
hashing and works similarly to the standard UNIX 'dbm' functions.
.
The basic use of 'gdbm' is to store key/data pairs in a data file, thus
providing a persistent version of the 'dictionary' Abstract Data Type
('hash' to perl programmers).
libc6
(None)
(None)
General Purpose Mouse - shared library
This package provides a library that handles mouse requests
and delivers them to applications. See the description for the 'gpm'
package for more information.
libc6
(None)
(None)
netfilter libip4tc library
The iptables/xtables framework has been replaced by nftables. You should
consider migrating now.
.
This package contains the user-space iptables (IPv4) C library from the
Netfilter xtables framework.
.
iptables IPv4 ruleset ADT and kernel interface.
.
This library has been considered private for years (and still is), in the
sense of changing symbols and backward compatibility not guaranteed.
libc6
(None)
(None)
netfilter libip6tc library
The iptables/xtables framework has been replaced by nftables. You should
consider migrating now.
.
This package contains the user-space iptables (IPv6) C library from the
Netfilter xtables framework.
.
iptables IPv6 ruleset ADT and kernel interface.
.
This library has been considered private for years (and still is), in the
sense of changing symbols and backward compatibility not guaranteed.
libc6
(None)
(None)
C library for encoding, decoding and manipulating JSON data
Jansson is a C library for encoding, decoding and manipulating JSON data.
.
It features:
Simple and intuitive API and data model
Comprehensive documentation
No dependencies on other libraries
Full Unicode support (UTF-8)
Extensive test suite
libc6
(None)
(None)
Lightning Memory-Mapped Database shared library
This package contains the LMDB shared library.
.
Lighting Memory-Mapped Database (LMDB) is an ultra-fast, ultra-compact
key-value embedded data store developed for the OpenLDAP Project. It uses
memory-mapped files, so it has the read performance of a pure in-memory
database while still offering the persistence of standard disk-based
databases, and is only limited to the size of the virtual address space, (it
is not limited to the size of physical RAM).
libc6
(None)
(None)
File type determination library using "magic" numbers (compiled magic file)
This package provides the compiled magic file "magic.mgc". It has
been separated from libmagic1t64 in order to meet the multiarch
requirements without breaking applications that expect this file
at its absolute path.
(None)
(None)
(None)
IP geolocation database library
The libmaxminddb library provides a C library for reading MaxMind DB files,
including the GeoIP2 databases from MaxMind. This is a custom binary format
designed to facilitate fast lookups of IP addresses while allowing for great
flexibility in the type of data associated with an address.
.
The MaxMind DB format is an open format. The spec is available at
https://maxmind.github.io/MaxMind-DB/. This spec is licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
libc6
(None)
(None)
shared libraries for terminal handling
The ncurses library routines are a terminal-independent method of
updating character screens with reasonable optimization.
.
This package contains the shared libraries necessary to run programs
compiled with ncurses.
libc6
libtinfo6
(None)
(None)
Netfilter netlink-conntrack library
libnetfilter_conntrack is a userspace library providing a programming
interface (API) to the in-kernel connection tracking state table.
libc6
libmnl0
libnfnetlink0
(None)
(None)
Netfilter netlink library
libnfnetlink is the low-level library for netfilter related
kernel/userspace communication. It provides a generic messaging
infrastructure for in-kernel netfilter subsystems (such as
nfnetlink_log, nfnetlink_queue, nfnetlink_conntrack) and their
respective users and/or management tools in userspace.
libc6
(None)
(None)
Netfilter nftables high level userspace API library
This library provides high level semantics to interact with the nftables
framework by Netfilter project.
.
nftables replaces the old popular iptables, ip6tables, arptables and ebtables.
.
Netfilter software and nftables in particular are used in applications such
as Internet connection sharing, firewalls, IP accounting, transparent
proxying, advanced routing and traffic control.
.
A Linux kernel >= 3.13 is required. However, >= 4.14 is recommended.
.
This package contains the libnftables library.
libc6
libgmp10
libjansson4
libmnl0
libnftnl11
libxtables12
(None)
(None)
Netfilter nftables userspace API library
libnftnl is the low-level library for Netfilter 4th generation
framework nftables.
.
Is the user-space library for low-level interaction with
nftables Netlink's API over libmnl.
libc6
libmnl0
(None)
(None)
library implementing HTTP/2 protocol (shared library)
This is an implementation of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol version
2 in C. The framing layer of HTTP/2 is implemented as a reusable C
library.
.
This package installs a shared library.
libc6
(None)
(None)
nss module providing dynamic user and group name resolution
nss-systemd is a plug-in module for the GNU Name Service Switch (NSS)
functionality of the GNU C Library (glibc), providing UNIX user and group name
resolution for dynamic users and groups allocated through the DynamicUser=
option in systemd unit files. See systemd.exec(5) for details on this
option.
.
Installing this package automatically adds the module to /etc/nsswitch.conf.
libc6
libcap2
systemd
(None)
(None)
read/write NTFS driver for FUSE (runtime library)
NTFS-3G uses FUSE (Filesystem in Userspace) to provide support for the NTFS
filesystem used by Microsoft Windows.
.
This package contains the actual library.
libc6
(None)
(None)
Libraries for controlling NUMA policy
Library to control specific NUMA (Non-Uniform Memory Architecture)
scheduling or memory placement policies.
libc6
(None)
(None)
system and service manager - PAM module
This package contains the PAM module which registers user sessions in
the systemd control group hierarchy for logind.
.
If in doubt, do install this package.
.
Packages that depend on logind functionality need to depend on libpam-systemd.
default-dbus-system-bus
libc6
libcap2
libpam-runtime
libpam0g
systemd
systemd-sysv
(None)
(None)
disk partition manipulator - shared library
GNU Parted is a program that allows you to create, destroy, resize,
move, and copy disk partitions. This is useful for creating space
for new operating systems, reorganizing disk usage, and copying data
to new hard disks.
.
This package contains the shared library.
dmidecode
libblkid1
libc6
libdevmapper1.02.1
libuuid1
(None)
(None)
PCI utilities (shared library)
This package contains the libpci shared library files.
.
The libpci library provides portable access to configuration
registers of devices connected to the PCI bus.
libc6
libudev1
pci.ids
zlib1g
(None)
(None)
Unix process pipeline manipulation library
This is a C library for setting up and running pipelines of processes,
without needing to involve shell command-line parsing which is often
error-prone and insecure.
libc6
(None)
(None)
graphical boot animation and logger - shared libraries
Plymouth is an application that runs very early in the boot process
(even before the root filesystem is mounted!) that provides a graphical
boot animation while the boot process happens in the background.
.
This package contains the shared libraries.
libc6
libevdev2
libpng16-16t64
libudev1
libxkbcommon0
(None)
(None)
PNG library - runtime (version 1.6)
libpng is a library implementing an interface for reading and writing
PNG (Portable Network Graphics) format files.
.
This package contains the runtime library files needed to run software
using libpng.
libc6
zlib1g
(None)
(None)
Library for Public Suffix List (shared libraries)
Libpsl allows checking domains against the Public Suffix List.
It can be used to avoid privacy-leaking 'super-cookies',
'super domain' certificates, for domain highlighting purposes
sorting domain lists by site and more.
.
Please see https://publicsuffix.org for more detailed information.
.
This package contains runtime libraries.
libc6
libidn2-0
libunistring5
(None)
(None)
universal charset detection library - shared library
uchardet is a C language binding of the original C++ implementation
of the universal charset detection library by Mozilla.
.
uchardet is a encoding detector library, which takes a sequence of
bytes in an unknown character encoding without any additional
information, and attempts to determine the encoding of the text.
.
This package contains the shared library.
libc6
libgcc-s1
libstdc++6
(None)
(None)
userspace USB programming library
Library for programming USB applications without the knowledge
of Linux kernel internals.
.
This package contains what you need to run programs that use this
library.
libc6
libudev1
(None)
(None)
asynchronous event notification library - runtime library
Libuv is the asynchronous library behind Node.js. Very similar to libevent or
libev, it provides the main elements for event driven systems: watching and
waiting for availability in a set of sockets, and some other events like timers
or asynchronous messages. However, libuv also comes with some other extras
like:
files watchers and asynchronous operations
a portable TCP and UDP API, as well as asynchronous DNS resolution
processes and threads management, and a portable inter-process
communications mechanism, with pipes and work queues
a plugins mechanism for loading libraries dynamically
interface with external libraries that also need to access the I/O.
.
This package includes the dynamic library against which you can link
your program.
libc6
(None)
(None)
X11 client-side library
This package provides a client interface to the X Window System, otherwise
known as 'Xlib'. It provides a complete API for the basic functions of the
window system.
.
More information about X.Org can be found at:
.
This module can be found at
https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/xorg/lib/libX11
libc6
libx11-data
libxcb1
(None)
(None)
X11 client-side library
This package provides the locale data files for libx11.
.
More information about X.Org can be found at:
.
This module can be found at
https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/xorg/lib/libX11
(None)
(None)
(None)
X11 authorisation library
This package provides the main interface to the X11 authorisation handling,
which controls authorisation for X connections, both client-side and
server-side.
.
More information about X.Org can be found at:
.
This module can be found at
https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/xorg/lib/libxau
libc6
(None)
(None)
X C Binding
This package contains the library files needed to run software using libxcb,
the X C Binding.
.
The XCB library provides an interface to the X Window System protocol,
designed to replace the Xlib interface. XCB provides several advantages over
Xlib:
.
Size: small library and lower memory footprint
Latency hiding: batch several requests and wait for the replies later
Direct protocol access: one-to-one mapping between interface and protocol
Thread support: access XCB from multiple threads, with no explicit locking
Easy creation of new extensions: automatically generates interface from
machine-parsable protocol descriptions
libc6
libxau6
libxdmcp6
(None)
(None)
X11 Display Manager Control Protocol library
This package provides the main interface to the X11 display manager control
protocol library, which allows for remote logins to display managers.
.
More information about X.Org can be found at:
.
This module can be found at
git://anongit.freedesktop.org/git/xorg/lib/libXdmcp
libbsd0
libc6
(None)
(None)
X11 miscellaneous extension library
libXext provides an X Window System client interface to several extensions to
the X protocol.
.
The supported protocol extensions are:
DOUBLE-BUFFER (DBE), the Double Buffer extension;
DPMS, the VESA Display Power Management System extension;
Extended-Visual-Information (EVI), an extension for gathering extra
information about the X server's visuals;
LBX, the Low Bandwidth X extension;
MIT-SHM, the MIT X client/server shared memory extension;
MIT-SUNDRY-NONSTANDARD, a miscellaneous extension by MIT;
Multi-Buffering, the multi-buffering and stereo display extension;
SECURITY, the X security extension;
SHAPE, the non-rectangular shaped window extension;
SYNC, the X synchronization extension;
TOG-CUP, the Open Group's Colormap Utilization extension;
XC-APPGROUP, the X Consortium's Application Group extension;
XC-MISC, the X Consortium's resource ID querying extension;
XTEST, the X test extension (this is one of two client-side
implementations; the other is in the libXtst library, provided by the
libxtst6 package);
.
libXext also provides a small set of utility functions to aid authors of
client APIs for X protocol extensions.
.
More information about X.Org can be found at:
.
This module can be found at
git://anongit.freedesktop.org/git/xorg/lib/libXext
libc6
libx11-6
(None)
(None)
X11 miscellaneous micro-utility library
libXmuu provides a set of miscellaneous utility convenience functions for X
libraries to use. It is a lighter version of libXmu that does not depend
on libXt or libXext; for more information on libXmu, see libxmu6.
.
More information about X.Org can be found at:
.
This module can be found at
git://anongit.freedesktop.org/git/xorg/lib/libXmu
libc6
libx11-6
(None)
(None)
information about hardware configuration
A small tool to provide detailed information on the hardware
configuration of the machine. It can report exact memory
configuration, firmware version, mainboard configuration, CPU version
and speed, cache configuration, bus speed, etc. on DMI-capable x86
systems, on some PowerPC machines (PowerMac G4 is known to work) and AMD64.
.
Information can be output in plain text, HTML or XML.
libc6
libgcc-s1
libstdc++6
(None)
/usr/bin/lshw
utility to list open files
Lsof is a Unix-specific diagnostic tool. Its name stands
for LiSt Open Files, and it does just that. It lists
information about any files that are open, by processes
currently running on the system.
libc6
libselinux1
libtirpc3t64
(None)
/usr/bin/lsof
tools for reading manual pages
This package provides the man command, the primary way of examining the
system help files (manual pages). Other utilities provided include the
whatis and apropos commands for searching the manual page database, the
manpath utility for determining the manual page search path, and the
maintenance utilities mandb, catman and zsoelim. man-db uses the groff
suite of programs to format and display the manual pages.
bsdextrautils
debconf
groff-base
libc6
libgdbm6
libpipeline1
libseccomp2
zlib1g
/etc/apparmor.d/usr.bin.man
/etc/cron.daily/man-db
/etc/cron.weekly/man-db
/etc/manpath.config
/usr/bin/apropos
/usr/bin/catman
/usr/bin/lexgrog
/usr/bin/man
/usr/bin/man-recode
/usr/bin/mandb
/usr/bin/manpath
/usr/bin/whatis
/usr/sbin/accessdb
Manual pages about using a GNU/Linux system
This package contains GNU/Linux manual pages for these sections:
4 = Devices (e.g. hd, sd).
5 = File formats and protocols, syntaxes of several system
files (e.g. wtmp, /etc/passwd, nfs).
7 = Conventions and standards, macro packages, etc.
(e.g. nroff, ascii).
.
Beside the intro man page describing the section, a few manual
pages from sections 1,6 and 8 are also provided.
.
The man pages describe syntaxes of several system files.
(None)
(None)
(None)
Full screen ncurses traceroute tool
mtr combines the functionality of the 'traceroute' and 'ping' programs
in a single network diagnostic tool.
.
As mtr starts, it investigates the network connection between the host
mtr runs on and a user-specified destination host. After it
determines the address of each network hop between the machines,
it sends a sequence of ICMP ECHO requests to each one to determine the
quality of the link to each machine. As it does this, it prints
running statistics about each machine.
.
mtr-tiny is compiled without support for X and conserves disk space.
libc6
libjansson4
libncurses6
libtinfo6
(None)
/usr/bin/mtr
/usr/bin/mtr-packet
small, friendly text editor inspired by Pico
GNU nano is an easy-to-use text editor originally designed as a replacement
for Pico, the ncurses-based editor from the non-free mailer package Pine
(itself now available under the Apache License as Alpine).
.
However, GNU nano also implements many features missing in Pico, including:
undo/redo
line numbering
syntax coloring
soft-wrapping of overlong lines
selecting text by holding Shift
interactive search and replace (with regular expression support)
a go-to line (and column) command
support for multiple file buffers
auto-indentation
tab completion of filenames and search terms
toggling features while running
and full internationalization support
libc6
libncursesw6
libtinfo6
/etc/nanorc
/usr/bin/nano
/usr/bin/rnano
Program to control packet filtering rules by Netfilter project
This software provides an in-kernel packet classification framework that is
based on a network-specific Virtual Machine (VM) and the nft userspace
command line tool. The nftables framework reuses the existing Netfilter
subsystems such as the existing hook infrastructure, the connection tracking
system, NAT, userspace queueing and logging subsystem.
.
nftables replaces the old popular iptables, ip6tables, arptables and ebtables.
.
Netfilter software and nftables in particular are used in applications such
as Internet connection sharing, firewalls, IP accounting, transparent
proxying, advanced routing and traffic control.
.
A Linux kernel >= 3.13 is required. However, >= 4.14 is recommended.
libc6
libedit2
libnftables1
/etc/nftables.conf
/usr/sbin/nft
read/write NTFS driver for FUSE
NTFS-3G uses FUSE (Filesystem in Userspace) to provide support for the NTFS
filesystem used by Microsoft Windows.
fuse3
libc6
libgcrypt20
libgnutls30t64
libntfs-3g89t64
(None)
/bin/lowntfs-3g
/bin/ntfs-3g
/bin/ntfs-3g.probe
/bin/ntfscat
/bin/ntfscluster
/bin/ntfscmp
/bin/ntfsfallocate
/bin/ntfsfix
/bin/ntfsinfo
/bin/ntfsls
/bin/ntfsmove
/bin/ntfsrecover
/bin/ntfssecaudit
/bin/ntfstruncate
/bin/ntfsusermap
/bin/ntfswipe
/sbin/mkfs.ntfs
/sbin/mkntfs
/sbin/mount.lowntfs-3g
/sbin/mount.ntfs
/sbin/mount.ntfs-3g
/sbin/ntfsclone
/sbin/ntfscp
/sbin/ntfslabel
/sbin/ntfsresize
/sbin/ntfsundelete
/usr/bin/ntfsdecrypt
secure shell (SSH) client, for secure access to remote machines
This is the portable version of OpenSSH, a free implementation of
the Secure Shell protocol as specified by the IETF secsh working
group.
.
Ssh (Secure Shell) is a program for logging into a remote machine
and for executing commands on a remote machine.
It provides secure encrypted communications between two untrusted
hosts over an insecure network. X11 connections and arbitrary TCP/IP
ports can also be forwarded over the secure channel.
It can be used to provide applications with a secure communication
channel.
.
This package provides the ssh, scp and sftp clients, the ssh-agent
and ssh-add programs to make public key authentication more convenient,
and the ssh-keygen, ssh-keyscan, ssh-copy-id and ssh-argv0 utilities.
.
In some countries it may be illegal to use any encryption at all
without a special permit.
.
ssh replaces the insecure rsh, rcp and rlogin programs, which are
obsolete for most purposes.
adduser
libc6
libedit2
libfido2-1
libgssapi-krb5-2
libselinux1
libssl3
passwd
zlib1g
/etc/ssh/ssh_config
/usr/bin/scp
/usr/bin/sftp
/usr/bin/slogin
/usr/bin/ssh
/usr/bin/ssh-add
/usr/bin/ssh-agent
/usr/bin/ssh-argv0
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id
/usr/bin/ssh-keygen
/usr/bin/ssh-keyscan
disk partition manipulator
GNU Parted is a program that allows you to create, destroy, resize,
move, and copy disk partitions. This is useful for creating space
for new operating systems, reorganizing disk usage, and copying data
to new hard disks.
.
This package contains the binary and manual page. Further
documentation is available in parted-doc.
.
Parted currently supports DOS, Mac, Sun, BSD, GPT, MIPS, and PC98
partitioning formats, as well as a "loop" (raw disk) type which
allows use on RAID/LVM. It can detect and remove ASFS/AFFS/APFS,
Btrfs, ext2/3/4, FAT16/32, HFS, JFS, linux-swap, UFS, XFS, and ZFS
file systems. Parted also has the ability to create and modify file
systems of some of these types, but using it to perform file system
operations is now deprecated.
.
The nature of this software means that any bugs could cause massive
data loss. While there are no such bugs known at the moment, they
could exist, so please back up all important files before running
it, and do so at your own risk.
libc6
libparted2t64
libreadline8t64
libtinfo6
libuuid1
(None)
/usr/sbin/parted
/usr/sbin/partprobe
PCI ID Repository
This package contains the pci.ids file, a public repository of all known
ID's used in PCI devices: ID's of vendors, devices, subsystems and device
classes. It is used in various programs to display full human-readable
names instead of cryptic numeric codes.
(None)
(None)
(None)
PCI utilities
This package contains various utilities for inspecting and setting of
devices connected to the PCI bus.
libc6
libkmod2
libpci3
(None)
/usr/bin/lspci
/usr/bin/setpci
/usr/sbin/update-pciids
Larry Wall's Practical Extraction and Report Language
Perl is a highly capable, feature-rich programming language with over
20 years of development. Perl 5 runs on over 100 platforms from
portables to mainframes. Perl is suitable for both rapid prototyping
and large scale development projects.
.
Perl 5 supports many programming styles, including procedural,
functional, and object-oriented. In addition to this, it is supported
by an ever-growing collection of reusable modules which accelerate
development. Some of these modules include Web frameworks, database
integration, networking protocols, and encryption. Perl provides
interfaces to C and C++ for custom extension development.
dpkg
libperl5.38t64
perl-base
perl-modules-5.38
/etc/perl/Net/libnet.cfg
/usr/bin/corelist
/usr/bin/corelist
/usr/bin/cpan
/usr/bin/enc2xs
/usr/bin/encguess
/usr/bin/h2ph
/usr/bin/h2xs
/usr/bin/instmodsh
/usr/bin/json_pp
/usr/bin/json_pp
/usr/bin/libnetcfg
/usr/bin/perlbug
/usr/bin/perldoc
/usr/bin/perldoc
/usr/bin/perlivp
/usr/bin/perlthanks
/usr/bin/piconv
/usr/bin/pl2pm
/usr/bin/pod2html
/usr/bin/pod2man
/usr/bin/pod2text
/usr/bin/pod2usage
/usr/bin/podchecker
/usr/bin/prove
/usr/bin/prove
/usr/bin/ptar
/usr/bin/ptardiff
/usr/bin/ptargrep
/usr/bin/shasum
/usr/bin/shasum
/usr/bin/splain
/usr/bin/streamzip
/usr/bin/streamzip
/usr/bin/xsubpp
/usr/bin/zipdetails
/usr/bin/zipdetails
boot animation, logger and I/O multiplexer
Plymouth provides a boot-time I/O multiplexing framework - the most obvious
use for which is to provide an attractive graphical animation in place of
the text messages that normally get shown during boot. (The messages are
instead redirected to a logfile for later viewing.) However, in event-driven
boot systems Plymouth can also usefully handle user interaction such as
password prompts for encrypted file systems.
.
This package provides the basic framework, enabling a text-mode animation.
init-system-helpers
libc6
libdrm2
libplymouth5
systemd
sysvinit-utils
udev
/etc/init.d/plymouth
/etc/init.d/plymouth-log
/etc/logrotate.d/bootlog
/usr/bin/plymouth
/usr/sbin/plymouthd
boot animation, logger and I/O multiplexer - ubuntu text theme
Plymouth provides a boot-time I/O multiplexing framework - the most obvious
use for which is to provide an attractive graphical animation in place of
the text messages that normally get shown during boot. (The messages are
instead redirected to a logfile for later viewing.) However, in event-driven
boot systems Plymouth can also usefully handle user interaction such as
password prompts for encrypted file systems.
.
This package contains the default ubuntu-text text theme used when no
support for a graphical theme is found on your system.
libc6
libplymouth5
lsb-release
plymouth
(None)
(None)
common utils for power management
This package ships the following scripts:
on_ac_power: determine whether the system is powered from battery or
an abundant supply
lspower: list power sources the system knows about, and their status
(None)
(None)
/sbin/on_ac_power
/usr/bin/lspower
/usr/bin/on_ac_power
utilities that use the proc file system
This package contains miscellaneous utilities that use the proc FS:
.
fuser: identifies processes that are using files or sockets.
killall: kills processes by name (e.g. "killall -HUP named").
peekfd: shows the data traveling over a file descriptor.
pstree: shows currently running processes as a tree.
prtstat: print the contents of /proc/
libc6
libtinfo6
(None)
/usr/bin/fuser
/usr/bin/killall
/usr/bin/peekfd
/usr/bin/prtstat
/usr/bin/pslog
/usr/bin/pstree
/usr/bin/pstree.x11
accurate, machine-readable list of domain name suffixes
A machine-readable list of domain name suffixes that accept public
registration. Each suffix represents the part of a domain name which
is not under the control of the individual registrant, which makes
the list useful for grouping cookies, deciding same-origin policies,
collating spam, and other activities.
(None)
(None)
(None)
Python 3 bindings for command-not-found.
This package will install the Python 3 library for command_not_found tool.
lsb-release
python3-apt
python3-gdbm
python3:any
(None)
(None)
information about distributions' releases (Python 3 module)
Information about all releases of Debian and Ubuntu.
.
This package contains a Python 3 module for parsing the data in
distro-info-data. There is also a command line interface in the distro-info
package.
distro-info-data
python3:any
(None)
(None)
manage release upgrades
This is the DistUpgrade Python 3 module
gpgv
lsb-release
procps
python3-apt
python3-dbus
python3-distro-info
python3-update-manager
python3:any
sensible-utils
(None)
(None)
GNU dbm database support for Python 3.x
GNU dbm database module for Python 3.x. Install this if you want to
create or read GNU dbm database files with Python.
libc6
libgdbm6t64
python3
(None)
(None)
Python 3.x module for update-manager
Python module for update-manager (UpdateManager).
.
This package contains the Python 3.x version of this module.
python3-apt
python3-distro-info
python3-distupgrade
python3:any
(None)
(None)
fast, versatile, remote (and local) file-copying tool
rsync is a fast and versatile file-copying tool which can copy locally
and to/from a remote host. It offers many options to control its behavior,
and its remote-update protocol can minimize network traffic to make
transferring updates between machines fast and efficient.
.
It is widely used for backups and mirroring and as an improved copy
command for everyday use.
.
This package provides both the rsync command line tool and optional
daemon functionality.
init-system-helpers
libacl1
libc6
liblz4-1
libpopt0
libssl3
libxxhash0
libzstd1
lsb-base
zlib1g
/etc/default/rsync
/etc/init.d/rsync
/usr/bin/rrsync
/usr/bin/rsync
/usr/bin/rsync-ssl
System call tracer
strace is a system call tracer: i.e. a debugging tool which prints out
a trace of all the system calls made by another process/program.
The program to be traced need not be recompiled for this, so you can
use it on binaries for which you don't have source.
.
System calls and signals are events that happen at the user/kernel
interface. A close examination of this boundary is very useful for bug
isolation, sanity checking and attempting to capture race conditions.
libc6
libunwind8
(None)
/usr/bin/strace
/usr/bin/strace-log-merge
minimalistic service to synchronize local time with NTP servers
The package contains the systemd-timesyncd system service that may be used to
synchronize the local system clock with a remote Network Time Protocol server.
libc6
libsystemd-shared
systemd
/etc/dhcp/dhclient-exit-hooks.d/timesyncd
/etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf
(None)
command-line network traffic analyzer
This program allows you to dump the traffic on a network. tcpdump
is able to examine IPv4, ICMPv4, IPv6, ICMPv6, UDP, TCP, SNMP, AFS
BGP, RIP, PIM, DVMRP, IGMP, SMB, OSPF, NFS and many other packet
types.
.
It can be used to print out the headers of packets on a network
interface, filter packets that match a certain expression. You can
use this tool to track down network problems, to detect attacks
or to monitor network activities.
adduser
libc6
libpcap0.8t64
libssl3
/etc/apparmor.d/usr.bin.tcpdump
/usr/bin/tcpdump
transitional dummy package for inetutils-telnet default switch
This package will force a switch from the old netkit telnet implementation
to the inetutils-telnet one, which is an upstream maintained project.
.
This package can be safely removed once it has been upgraded, as
inetutils-telnet provides a matching virtual package. It will stop being
provided after Debian bookworm's release.
.
If you want to keep using the netkit implementation, then install
telnet-ssl instead.
inetutils-telnet
(None)
(None)
GNU time program for measuring CPU resource usage
The 'time' command runs another program, then displays information
about the resources used by that program, collected by the system while
the program was running. You can select which information is reported
and the format in which it is shown, or have 'time' save the information
in a file instead of display it on the screen.
.
The resources that 'time' can report on fall into the general
categories of time, memory, I/O, and IPC calls.
.
The GNU version can format the output in arbitrary ways by using a
printf-style format string to include various resource measurements.
libc6
(None)
/usr/bin/time
enhanced ftp client
tnftp is what many users affectionately call the enhanced ftp
client in NetBSD (http://www.netbsd.org).
.
This package is a port' of the NetBSD ftp client to other systems.
.
The enhancements over the standard ftp client in 4.4BSD include:
command-line editing within ftp
command-line fetching of URLS, including support for:
http proxies (c.f: $http_proxy, $ftp_proxy)
authentication
context sensitive command and filename completion
dynamic progress bar
IPv6 support (from the WIDE project)
modification time preservation
paging of local and remote files, and of directory listings
(c.f: lpage', page', pdir')
passive mode support, with fallback to active mode
set option' override of ftp environment variables
TIS Firewall Toolkit gate ftp proxy support (c.f: gate')
transfer-rate throttling (c.f: -T', rate')
libc6
libedit2
libssl3
(None)
/usr/bin/tnftp
transitional dummy package for ubuntu-pro-client
This is a transitional dummy package for ubuntu-pro-client. It can safely be
removed.
debconf
ubuntu-pro-client
(None)
(None)
manage release upgrades
This is the core of the Ubuntu Release Upgrader
ca-certificates
python3-distupgrade
python3:any
/etc/update-manager/meta-release
/etc/update-manager/release-upgrades
/etc/update-motd.d/91-release-upgrade
/usr/bin/do-release-upgrade
Ubuntu standard system
This package depends on all of the packages in the Ubuntu standard system.
This set of packages provides a comfortable command-line Unix-like
environment.
.
It is also used to help ensure proper upgrades, so it is recommended that
it not be removed.
bind9-dnsutils
busybox-static
cpio
cron
dmidecode
dosfstools
ed
file
ftp
hdparm
info
libpam-systemd
logrotate
lshw
lsof
man-db
media-types
nftables
parted
pciutils
psmisc
rsync
strace
time
usbutils
wget
xz-utils
(None)
(None)
program for managing a Netfilter firewall
The Uncomplicated FireWall is a front-end for iptables, to make managing a
Netfilter firewall easier. It provides a command line interface with syntax
similar to OpenBSD's Packet Filter. It is particularly well-suited as a
host-based firewall.
debconf
iptables
python3:any
ucf
/etc/default/ufw
/etc/init.d/ufw
/etc/logrotate.d/ufw
/etc/rsyslog.d/20-ufw.conf
/etc/ufw/sysctl.conf
/usr/sbin/ufw
manage release upgrades
This is the core of update-manager and the release upgrader
distro-info-data
python3-distro-info
python3-update-manager
python3:any
ubuntu-advantage-tools
ubuntu-release-upgrader-core
(None)
/usr/bin/hwe-support-status
/usr/bin/ubuntu-security-status
USB ID Repository
This package contains the usb.ids file, a public repository of all known
ID's used in USB devices: ID's of vendors, devices, subsystems and device
classes. It is used in various programs to display full human-readable
names instead of cryptic numeric codes.
(None)
(None)
(None)
Linux USB utilities
This package contains the lsusb utility for inspecting the devices
connected to the USB bus. It shows a graphical representation of the
devices that are currently plugged in, showing the topology of the
USB bus. It also displays information on each individual device on
the bus.
.
lsusb, usb-devices, usbhid-dump, usbreset
libc6
libudev1
libusb-1.0-0
(None)
/usr/bin/lsusb
/usr/bin/usb-devices
/usr/bin/usbhid-dump
/usr/bin/usbreset
runtime components for the Universally Unique ID library
The libuuid library generates and parses 128-bit Universally Unique
IDs (UUIDs). A UUID is an identifier that is unique within the space
of all such identifiers across both space and time. It can be used for
multiple purposes, from tagging objects with an extremely short lifetime
to reliably identifying very persistent objects across a network.
.
See RFC 4122 for more information.
.
This package contains the uuidgen program and the uuidd daemon.
.
The uuidd daemon is used to generate UUIDs, especially time-based
UUIDs, in a secure and guaranteed-unique fashion, even in the face of
large numbers of threads trying to grab UUIDs running on different CPUs.
It is used by libuuid as well as the uuidgen program.
adduser
init-system-helpers
libc6
libsmartcols1
libsystemd0
libuuid1
/etc/init.d/uuidd
/usr/bin/uuidgen
/usr/bin/uuidparse
/usr/sbin/uuidd
retrieves files from the web
Wget is a network utility to retrieve files from the web
using HTTP(S) and FTP, the two most widely used internet
protocols. It works non-interactively, so it will work in
the background, after having logged off. The program supports
recursive retrieval of web-authoring pages as well as FTP
sites -- you can use Wget to make mirrors of archives and
home pages or to travel the web like a WWW robot.
.
Wget works particularly well with slow or unstable connections
by continuing to retrieve a document until the document is fully
downloaded. Re-getting files from where it left off works on
servers (both HTTP and FTP) that support it. Both HTTP and FTP
retrievals can be time stamped, so Wget can see if the remote
file has changed since the last retrieval and automatically
retrieve the new version if it has.
.
Wget supports proxy servers; this can lighten the network load,
speed up retrieval, and provide access behind firewalls.
libc6
libidn2-0
libpcre2-8-0
libpsl5t64
libssl3
libuuid1
zlib1g
/etc/wgetrc
/usr/bin/wget
X authentication utility
xauth is a small utility to read and manipulate Xauthority files, which
are used by servers and clients alike to control authentication and access
to X sessions.
libc6
libx11-6
libxau6
libxext6
libxmuu1
(None)
/usr/bin/xauth
XZ-format compression utilities
XZ is the successor to the Lempel-Ziv/Markov-chain Algorithm
compression format, which provides memory-hungry but powerful
compression (often better than bzip2) and fast, easy decompression.
.
This package provides the command line tools for working with XZ
compression, including xz, unxz, xzcat, xzgrep, and so on. They can
also handle the older LZMA format, and if invoked via appropriate
symlinks will emulate the behavior of the commands in the lzma
package.
.
The XZ format is similar to the older LZMA format but includes some
improvements for general use:
.
'file' magic for detecting XZ files;
crc64 data integrity check;
limited random-access reading support;
improved support for multithreading (not used in xz-utils);
support for flushing the encoder.
libc6
liblzma5
(None)
/usr/bin/lzmainfo
/usr/bin/unxz
/usr/bin/xz
/usr/bin/xzcat
/usr/bin/xzcmp
/usr/bin/xzdiff
/usr/bin/xzegrep
/usr/bin/xzfgrep
/usr/bin/xzgrep
/usr/bin/xzless
/usr/bin/xzmore
awk: Virtual package provided by gawk, mawk, or original-awk
default-dbus-system-bus: Virtual package provided by dbus package
gir1.2-girepository-2.0: Introspection data for GIRepository library
libassuan0: IPC library for the GnuPG components
libevdev2: wrapper library for evdev devices
libgdbm6: GNU dbm database routines (runtime version)
libgirepository-1.0-1-with-libffi8:
libmagic1t64: Recognize the type of data in a file using "magic" numbers - library
libnpth0t64: replacement for GNU Pth using system threads
libpcap0.8t64: system interface for user-level packet capture
libperl5.38t64: shared Perl library
libunwind8: library to determine the call-chain of a program - runtime
libuv1: asynchronous event notification library - runtime library
libxkbcommon0: library interface to the XKB compiler - shared library
lsb-base: transitional package for Linux Standard Base init script functionality
perl-modules-5.38: Core Perl modules
perlapi-5.38.2: Virtual package provided by perl-base
python3-typing-extensions: Backported and Experimental Type Hints for Python
awk is a virtual package provided by gawk, mawk, or original-awk. If we install one of them, awk will be seen as installed too.
As mawk being a required package and was documented at 1.65. we may consider this package as documented too.
default-dbus-system-bus is a virtual package provided by dbus package. If we install dbus, default-dbus-system-bus will be seen as installed too.
As dbus being an important package and was documented at 2.7. we may consider this package as documented too.
Introspection data for GIRepository library
GObject Introspection is a project for providing machine readable
introspection data of the API of C libraries. This introspection
data can be used in several different use cases, for example
automatic code generation for bindings, API verification and documentation
generation.
.
This package contains the introspection data for the GIRepository library,
which can be used to manipulate the search path used by language bindings
and load introspection data.
gir1.2-gobject-2.0
libgirepository-1.0-1
(None)
(None)
IPC library for the GnuPG components
Libassuan is a small library implementing the so-called "Assuan
protocol". This protocol is used for IPC between most newer GnuPG
components. Both server and client side functions are provided.
libc6
libgpg-error0
(None)
(None)
wrapper library for evdev devices
libevdev is a wrapper library for evdev devices. It provides
functions covering the common tasks when dealing with evdev devices,
thus avoiding erroneous ioctls and other errors.
.
This package contains the files required to run software using
libevdev.
libc6
(None)
(None)
GNU dbm database routines (runtime version)
GNU dbm ('gdbm') is a library of database functions that use extendible
hashing and works similarly to the standard UNIX 'dbm' functions.
.
The basic use of 'gdbm' is to store key/data pairs in a data file, thus
providing a persistent version of the 'dictionary' Abstract Data Type
('hash' to perl programmers).
libc6
(None)
(None)
Recognize the type of data in a file using "magic" numbers - library
This library can be used to classify files according to magic number
tests. It implements the core functionality of the file command.
libbz2-1.0
libc6
liblzma5
libmagic-mgc
zlib1g
/etc/magic
/etc/magic.mime
(None)
replacement for GNU Pth using system threads
nPth is a non-preemptive threads implementation using an API very
similar to the one known from GNU Pth. It has been designed as a
replacement of GNU Pth for non-ancient operating systems. In
contrast to GNU Pth it is based on the system's standard threads
implementation. Thus nPth allows the use of libraries which are not
compatible to GNU Pth.
libc6
(None)
(None)
system interface for user-level packet capture
libpcap (Packet CAPture) provides a portable framework for low-level
network monitoring. Applications include network statistics collection,
security monitoring, network debugging, etc.
.
Since almost every system vendor provides a different interface for
packet capture, and since there are several tools that require this
functionality, the libpcap authors created this system-independent API
to ease in porting and to alleviate the need for several
system-dependent packet capture modules in each application.
libc6
libdbus-1-3
libibverbs1
(None)
(None)
shared Perl library
This package contains the shared Perl library, used by applications
which embed a Perl interpreter.
.
It also contains the architecture-dependent parts of the standard
library (and depends on perl-modules-5.38 which contains the
architecture-independent parts).
libbz2-1.0
libc6
libcrypt1
libdb5.3t64
libgdbm-compat4t64
libgdbm6t64
perl-modules-5.38
zlib1g
(None)
/usr/bin/cpan5.38-x86_64-linux-gnu
/usr/bin/perl5.38-x86_64-linux-gnu
library to determine the call-chain of a program - runtime
The primary goal of this project is to define a portable and efficient C
programming interface (API) to determine the call-chain of a program.
The API additionally provides the means to manipulate the preserved
(callee-saved) state of each call-frame and to resume execution at any
point in the call-chain (non-local goto). The API supports both local
(same-process) and remote (across-process) operation. As such, the API
is useful in a number of applications.
.
This package includes the shared libraries
libc6
liblzma5
(None)
(None)
asynchronous event notification library - runtime library
Libuv is the asynchronous library behind Node.js. Very similar to libevent or
libev, it provides the main elements for event driven systems: watching and
waiting for availability in a set of sockets, and some other events like timers
or asynchronous messages. However, libuv also comes with some other extras
like:
files watchers and asynchronous operations
a portable TCP and UDP API, as well as asynchronous DNS resolution
processes and threads management, and a portable inter-process
communications mechanism, with pipes and work queues
a plugins mechanism for loading libraries dynamically
interface with external libraries that also need to access the I/O.
.
This package includes the dynamic library against which you can link
your program.
libc6
(None)
(None)
library interface to the XKB compiler - shared library
This package provides a library to handle keyboard descriptions, including
loading them from disk, parsing them and handling their state. It's mainly
meant for client toolkits, window systems, and other system applications;
currently that includes Wayland, kmscon, GTK+, Clutter, and more.
.
More information about X.Org can be found at:
.
This module can be found at
https://github.com/xkbcommon/libxkbcommon.git
libc6
xkb-data
(None)
(None)
transitional package for Linux Standard Base init script functionality
This is an empty package; it's needed only because of Provides: not being
supported in debootstrap. It can be safely removed.
sysvinit-utils
(None)
(None)
Core Perl modules
Architecture independent Perl modules. These modules are part of Perl and
required if the perl' package is installed.
.
Note that this package only exists to save archive space and should be
considered an internal implementation detail of the perl' package.
Other packages should not depend on perl-modules-5.38' directly, they
should use perl' (which depends on perl-modules-5.38') instead.
dpkg
perl-base
(None)
(None)
perlapi-5.38.2 is a virtual package provided by perl-base. If we install perl-base, this package will be seen as installed too.
As perl-base being a required package and was documented at 1.70. we may consider this package as documented too.
Backported and Experimental Type Hints for Python
The "typing_extensions" module serves two related purposes:
.
1- Enable use of new type system features on older Python versions.
2- Enable experimentation with new type system PEPs before they are accepted
and added to the "typing" module.
.
"typing_extensions" is treated specially by static type checkers such as mypy
and pyright. Objects defined in "typing_extensions" are treated the same
way as equivalent forms in "typing".
python3:any
(None)
(None)